List of Ayyubid rulers

The Ayyubid dynasty ruled Egypt and other parts of the Middle East from 12th to 14th centuries. The following is a list of Ayyubid rulers by region.

Sultans of Egypt (1171-1254) See Rulers of Islamic Egypt.

No. Portrait/Coin Name Reign Life details 1 Saladin May 1174 – 4 March 1193 1137 – 4 March 1193 Vizier of Fatimid caliph al-Adid; abolished Fatimid caliphate; Zengid Governor of Egypt (1171). Recovered Jerusalem from Crusaders. 2 al-Aziz Uthman 4 March 1193 – 29 November 1198 c. 14 January 1172 – 29 November 1198 Saladin's son. Died in a hunting accident. 3 al-Mansur Muhammad 29 November 1198 – February 1200 1189 – after 1216 al-Aziz's son; ascended as a child. Deposed by his great-uncle al-Adil; exiled to Aleppo. 4 al-Adil I February 1200 – 31 August 1218 June 1145 – 31 August 1218 Brother of Saladin; overthrew his grand-nephew al-Mansur. Died preparing against the Fifth Crusade. 5 al-Kamil 2 September 1218 – 8 March 1238 c. 1180 – 8 March 1238 Son of al-Adil I. Treaty of Jaffa (1229); Jerusalem recovered from Crusaders. 6 al-Adil II 8 March 1238 – 31 May 1240 c. 1221 – 9 February 1248 Son of al-Kamil. Deposed and imprisoned by his half-brother as-Salih Ayyub; died in prison. 7 as-Salih Ayyub 1 June 1240 – 21 November 1249 5 November 1205 – 22 November 1249 Half-brother of al-Adil II. Died of illness during the Seventh Crusade. 8 al-Muazzam Turanshah 22 November 1249 – 2 May 1250 d. 2 May 1250 Son of al-Salih; assassinated by Bahri Mamluks.Interregnum by Shajar al-Durr and al-Mu'izz Aybak 9 al-Ashraf Musa August 1250 – 1254 b. 1245 Son of either an-Nasir Yusuf or al-Ma'sud Yusuf. Installed as a child nominal ruler by Aybak; eventually deposed by him.

Emirs of Damascus (1174-1260) See Rulers of Damascus.

Saladin, 1174–1193 al-Afdal Ali, son of Saladin, 1193–1196 al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1196–1218 al-Mu'azzam Isa, son of al-Adil I, 1218–1227 an-Nasir Dawud, son of al-Mu'azzam Isa, 1227–1229 al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1229–1237 as-Salih Ismail, son of al-Adil I, 1237–1238 al-Kamil, son of al-Adil I, 1238 al-Adil II, son of al-Kamil, 1238–1239 as-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil, 1239 as-Salih Ismail (second rule), 1239–1245 as-Salih Ayyub (second rule), 1245–1249 al-Muazzam Turanshah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250 an-Nasir Yusuf, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260

Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the Battle of Ain Jalut.

Emirs of Aleppo (1185-1260) See Rulers of Aleppo.

Saladin, 1183–1193 al-Zahir Ghazi, son of Saladin, 1193-1216 al-Aziz Muhammad, son of al-Zahir Ghazi, 1216-1236 an-Nasir Yusuf, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1236–1260

Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the Battle of Ain Jalut.

Emirs of al-Jazirah (1185-1260) See Upper Mesopotamia & Al-Jazirah.

Saladin, 1186–1193 al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1193–1200 al-Awhad Ayyub, son of al-Adil I, 1200–1210 al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1210–1220 al-Muzaffar Ghazi, son of al-Adil I, 1220–1244 al-Kamil Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar Ghazi, 1244–1260

Takeover by Mongols in 1260.

Emirs of al-Karak (1188-1263) Also referred to as governors of Transjordan.Wolff, Robert L. and Hazard, H. W., A History of the Crusades: Volume Two, The Later Crusades 1187-1311, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1977, pg. 814 See al-Karak, Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk Periods.

al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1188–1193 al-Mu'azzam Isa, son of al-Adil I, 1193–1227 an-Nasir Dawud, son of al-Mu'azzam Isa, 1229–1249 al-Mughith Umar, son of al-Adil II, 1249–1263

Takeover by Mamluks under Baybars in 1263.

Emirs of Yemen (1173-1229) See Yemen, Ayyubid Conquest.

al-Mu'azzam Turan Shah, brother of Saladin, 1173–1181 al-Aziz Tughtakin, brother of Saladin, 1181–1197 al-Mu'izz Isma'il, son of al-Aziz Tughtakin, 1197–1202 an-Nasir Muhammad, son of al-Aziz Tughtakin, 1202–1214 al-Muzaffar Sulayman, grandson of al-Muzaffar I Umar, 1214–1215 al-Mas'ud Yusuf, son of al-Kamil, 1215–1229

Takeover by Rasulid dynasty of Yemen in 1229.

Emirs of Homs (1178-1263) See Homs, Seljuk, Ayyubid and Mamluk Rule.

al-Qahir Muhammad, cousin of Saladin, 1178–1186 al-Mujahid Shirkuh, son of al-Qahir Muhammad, 1186–1240 al-Mansur Ibrahim, son of al-Mujahid Shirkuh, 1240–1246 al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Mansur Ibrahim, 1246–1248 an-Nasir Yusuf, Emir of Aleppo, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260 al-Ashraf Musa (second rule), 1260–1263 (vassal to the Mongols and then Mamluks)

Takeover by Mamluks under Baybars from 1263.

Emirs of Hama (1178-1341) See Hama, Muslim Rule.

al-Muzaffar I Umar, son of Nur ad-Din Shahanshah (brother of Saladin), 1178–1191 al-Mansur I Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar Umar, 1191–1221 al-Nasir Kilij Arslan, son of al-Mansur Muhammad, 1221–1229 al-Muzaffar II Mahmud, son of al-Mansur Muhammad, 1229–1244 al-Mansur II Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar II Mahmud, 1244–1284 (Mamluk vassal from 1260) al-Muzaffar III Mahmud, son of al-Mansur II Muhammad, 1284–1299 (Mamluk vassal) al-Mu'ayyad Isma'il, brother of al-Mansur II Muhammad, 1310–1332 (Mamluk vassal) al-Afdal Muhammad, son of al-Mu'ayyad Isma'il, 1332–1341 (Mamluk vassal)

Formal takeover by Mamluk sultanate in 1341.

Emirs of Baalbek (1175-1260) See Baalbek, Middle Ages.

al-Mu'azzam Turan Shah, brother of Saladin, 1178–1179 al-Mansur Farrukh Shah, nephew of al-Mu'azzam Turan Shah, 1179–1182 al-Amjad Bahram Shah, son of Farrukh Shah, 1182–1230

Incorporated into the emirate of Damascus in 1230 under al-Ashraf Musa. Ruled thereafter by rulers of Damascus till its takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260.

Emirs of Banyas (1218-1260) See Banyas.

al-Aziz Uthman, son of al-Adil I, 1218–1232 al-Zahir Ghazi, son of al-'Aziz Uthman, 1232–1232 al-Sa'id Hasan, son of al-'Aziz Uthman, 1232–1247 Incorporated into the emirate of Damascus in 1230 under Sultan as-Salih Ayyub. Ruled thereafter by rulers of Damascus till its takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260.

Emirs of Hisn Kayfa (1232-1524) See Hisn Kaifa, Ayyubid and Mongols.

as-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil, 1232–1239 al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1239–1249 al-Muwahhid Taqiyya ad-Din Abdullah, son of al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, 1249–1294 al-Kamil Ahmad I, 1294–1325 al-Adil Mujir ad-Din Muhammad, 1325–1328 al-Adil Shahab ad-Din, 1328–1349 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-Adil Ghazi, 1341–1367) as-Salih Abu-Bakr Khalil I, 1349–1378 al-Adil Fakhr ad-Din Sulayman I, 1378-1432 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-Adil Sulayman, 1377–1424) al-Ashraf Sharaf ad Din, 1432–1433 as-Salih Salah ad-Din, 1433–1452 al-Kamil Ahmad II, 1452–1455 al-Adil Khalif, 1455–1462 as-Salih Khalil II, 1482–1511 al-Adil Sulayman II, 1511–1514 as-Salih Khalil II (second rule), 1514–1520 al-Malik Hussayn, 1520–1521 al-Adil Sulayman II (second rule), 1521–1524

Takeover by the Ottoman Empire in 1524.

Genealogy

Notes

References

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