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This is a timeline of Nepalese history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Nepal and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Nepal. See also the list of prime ministers of Nepal, list of monarchs of Nepal and list of years in Nepal.
Before the common era Year Event563 BCEGautama Buddha is born in Kapilvastu in 563 BCE (died in 483 BCE) in Lumbini (present-day Nepal).250 BCEEmperor Ashoka visits Nepal. Centuries: 1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20th21st
3rd century +YearEvent205Establishment of the Soma dynasty.
4th century YearEvent305Bhaskar Varma, the last ruler of the Soma dynasty, having no sons or daughters adopts Bhoomi Varma to succeed him starting the rule of Licchavi dynasty.
5th century Year Event 464 Manadeva reigns until 491 A.D. His reign is characterized by great architectural and sculptural achievements.
6th century +YearEvent588Shivadeva I becomes the king.598Amshuverma, who started as a feudal lord and now the prime minister, starts minting coins in his name and assumes the title of Maharajadhiraj reducing the king to a mere figurehead. Eventually, he marries the king's daughter and succeeds Shiva Deva I as the ruler after the king's death. Amshuverma's reign is also characterized by architectural achievements.
7th century +DateEvent621Following the death of Amshuverma, Uday Deva becomes the king reviving the Licchavi dynasty's rule.624Uday Deva is ousted by his brother Dhruva Deva, and Jishnu Gupta. He goes to Tibet for help. Dhruva Deva and Jishnu Gupta rule together.~627Jishnu Gupta's absolute rule commences. He also mints coin in his name.631Bishnu Gupta, son of Jishnu Gupta, and Bhimarjuna Deva rule together.643Narendradeva reclaims his ancestral throne with the Tibetan Empire's help.649Narendradeva sends a cavalry of 7,000 troops to aid Tibet in the Battle of Chabuheluo against Arunasva who attacked the emissary Wang Xuance from China.685Shivadeva II, the son of Narendradeva, starts his reign. He marries Batsa Devi, daughter of the prince Bhogvarma of Magadha.
8th century Year Event 705 Jayadeva II starts his reign until up to 733. After him, Nepal enters into a dark era which lasts until 1200 C.E.
11th century Year Date Event 1097 Nanyadeva establishes the Karnat dynasty in present-day Simraungadh, Bara.
12th century Year Date Event 1147 King Nanyadeva of the Karnat dynasty dies. He is succeeded by his son Gangadeva.
13th century Year Event 1201 Arimalla, the first king of the Malla dynasty rules the Kathmandu valley.1216King Arimalla is succeeded by his son Abhaya Malla.1255King Abhaya Malla dies in a massive earthquake that killed one-third of the whole population. He is succeeded by his son Jayadeva Malla.1244Doya from Mithila (Karnat dynasty) invades Nepal three times within two years.1258A period of political struggle begins between the House of Bhonta (the region of Banepa) headed by Jayabhimadeva and the House of Tripura (Bhadgaon) headed by Jayasimha Malla.King Jayadeva Malla dies. The two contending houses reach an agreement to share the throne alternately. Jayabhimadeva becomes the King following the agreement.1271Jayasimha Malla becomes the King following the agreement between the two Houses.1274King Jayasimha Malla is deposed with the help of House of Bhonta; Ananta Malla becomes the king.1287Jitari Malla of the Khasa area in the Karnali region attacks Nepal three times until 1290.
14th century Year Event1300Doya from Mithila invades Nepal again penetrating as far as Bhadgaon, and inflicting fines on the House of Tripura.1308King Ananta Malla dies, leaving the throne vacant.1311After Jayasaktideva of House of Bhonta is defeated by Jayatunga Malla of House of Tripura, Jayasaktideva calls the Doya for help. This backfires as the Doya imprisoned Brahmins, looted people and set houses on fire.1312Following an agreement between the House of Tripura and the Tirhuts, along with other wealth, Devalakshmidevi, the daughter of Jayatunga Malla, is given in marriage to King Harisimhadeva.Ripu Malla from the Khasa kingdom visits the Kathmandu valley.Jayarudra Malla, the son of Jayatunga Malla, controls much of the valley.1313After five years without a King, Jayarudra Malla installs Jayanandadeva, his rival from the House of Bhonta, as the ruler.1320Jayarudra Malla withdraws support for Jayanandadeva and installs Jayari Malla, his relative and the son of Ananta Malla, as the King.1324The Karnat Kingdom of Mithila is annexed by the King of Delhi. The invader then sets up a vassal state appointing from the Oiniwar dynasty a ruler of the region.King Harisimhadeva of Mithila, along with his wife Devalakshmidevi and so Jagatsimha flees to Kathmandu Valley. Harisimha dies on the way and Devalakshmidevi, and Jagatsimha were welcomed by her brother, Jayarudra Malla.1328Aditya Malla from the Khasa Kingdom invades the Kathmandu valley.1330Jayarudra Malla dies at the age of 30, leaving Nayakadevi, his daughter, to assume the throne of House of Tripura.1335Harischandra, the husband of Nayakadevi, was poisoned by the nobles.~1338Nayakadevi marries Jagatsimha, the son of Harisimhadeva and Devalakshmidevi. This event connects all the later Mallas of Kathmandu valley to the Karnat dynasty.1344King Jayari Malla dies.1347Rajalladevi is born to Nayakadevi and Jagatsimha. Nayakadevi dies ten days later and Jagatsimha was thrown to prison leaving Rajalladevi to the care of Devalakshmidevi.Devalakshmidevi comes to an agreement with the House of Bhonta on the condition that a king would be from the House of Bhonta while Devalakshmidevi would act as the de facto ruler. Following this agreement, Jayarajadeva, the illegitimate son of the late King Jayanandadeva, becomes the King. Devalakshmidevi, however, is given royal titles higher than the King himself. 1349 Sultan Shams ud-din Ilyas of Bengal conquers Tirhut and leads raid in Kathmandu Valley destroying temples and damaging the images of gods and goddesses. This event is often cited as the one that destroyed much of the Lichchhavi era and early Malla era monuments and artifacts.1354Rajalladevi marries Jayasthiti Malla. It is generally accepted that Jayasthiti Malla was brought from Mithila by Devalakshmidevi to marry Rajalladevi.1361King Jayarajadeva dies. He is succeeded by his son Jayarjunadeva.1366Devalakshmidevi dies. Jayasthiti Malla starts on gathering political power. 1382 Jayasthiti Malla rules as king of the united Malla kingdom in Kathmandu Valley.1395King Jayasthiti Malla dies. His three sons Dharma Malla, Jyoti Malla, and Kiti Malla rule together.
15th century Year Event1408Jyoti Malla rules as the sole king of Kathmandu Valley after the death of both his brothers. 1428 King Jyoti Malla dies. His son Yakshya Malla succeeds him.1482King Yakshya Malla dies. His kingdom is divided in three between his sons with Ratna Malla controlling Kantipur, and Raya Malla controlling Bhaktapur.
16th century Year Event1520King Ratna Malla dies. His son Surya Malla succeeds him as the king.1526Mukunda Sen of Palpa attacks the entire Kathmandu valley and surrounds both Kantipur, and Patan. He is defeated by the combined forces of the valley.1530King Surya Malla dies. He is succeeded by his son Amara Malla. Amara Malla annexed several villages north-west of Kantipur.1560King Amara Malla dies. His son Mahendra Malla succeeds him. Mahendra Malla issued the first silver coins.1574King Mahendra Malla is succeeded by his first son Sadashiva Malla.1581Shivasimha Malla, the second son of Mahendra Malla, deposes his brother Sadashiva Malla and rules Kantipur. Sadashiva takes refuge in Bhadgaon where he dies.
17th century Year Event1600King Shivasimha Malla annexes Patan and installs his son Harisimhadeva as the governor. Harisimhadeva dies shortly afterwards, and his son Siddhi Narasimha Malla succeeds him as the governor. 1606 Ram Shah of Gorkha reigns; Gorkha kingdom experiences its first expansion (to 1633).1619King Shivasimha Malla dies. His son Lakshmi Narasimha Malla succeeds him as the King of Kantipur, and his grandson Siddhi Narasimha Malla declares Patan independent from Kantipur.1641King Lakshmi Narasimha Malla goes insane after executing his loyal minister. Pratap Malla imprisons him and rules Kantipur.1674Nripendra Malla starts his reign after his Pratap Malla's death defying the wishes of his father to install Mahipatendra Malla as the king.1680Parthibendra Malla, another son of Pratap Malla, starts his reign after the death of King Nripendra Malla.1687King Parthibendra Malla is poisoned by the nobles and on his death, as many as twenty-four women went Sati. He is succeeded by his 14 years old son Bhupalendra Malla with his wife Riddhilakshmi acting as the regent.1688Lakshminarayan, a minister, rises to the power of supreme authority and inscribes his name on the coin issued by the monarch. He also assassinates prominent nobles.1690Lakshminarayan is assassinated following a rumor of illicit relationship with the regent and the king's mother, Riddhilakshmi.
18th century Year Date Event1700King Bhupalendra Malla dies. He is succeeded by his son Bhaskara Malla.1717King Bhaskara Malla proclaims the title of King of Patan and issues coins under the name Gajapati Mahindra Simha.1720An epidemic breaks out in Kantipur killing approximately 20,000 people.1722After about six months in confinement to be safe from the plague, King Bhaskara Malla returns to the palace after the death rate dropped. He dies some days later due to the plague. He is succeeded by Jagajjaya Malla, the grandson of Mahipatendra Malla.1730King Jagajjaya Malla's first son Rajendra Malla dies.1736Jayaprakash Malla succeeds King Jagajjaya Malla after the latter's death. 1743 Prithvi Narayan Shah ascends to throne of Gorkha. 1764 British East India Company gains control of Bengal. 1768 Gorkha ruler Prithvi Narayan Shah conquers Kathmandu and lays foundations for unified kingdom. 1769 Conquest of Chaudandi and Majh Kirant states. 1792 Nepalese expansion is halted by the defeat at hands of Chinese in Tibet.
19th century Year Date Event 1806 Bhimsen Thapa becomes the first Mukhtiyar (prime minister). 1809 Nepalese troops lay siege to Kangra, farthest extent of Gurkha empire. 1814 Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816) ends resulting in Sugauli Treaty which establishes Nepal's current boundaries and sows the seeds for political instability. 1837 Bhimsen Thapa falls, beginning unstable period in court politics. 1846 Kot massacre results in the killing of more than 40 members of the palace and starts the autocratic Rana dynasty in Nepal with Jung Bahadur Rana as its first prime minister. 1855 War starts with China (until 1858). 1856 Royal decree gives absolute power to prime minister and his family. 1857 Sepoy Rebellion is waged against British in north India; Nepal aids British (until 1858). 1858 Jang Bahadur receives the title of Rana. 1877 Prime minister Jung Bahadur Rana dies; Ranodip Singh Kunwar becomes the prime minister. 1885 Prime minister Ranodip Singh Kunwar is assassinated by his nephews; Bir Shumsher becomes the prime minister.
20th century