Merkulov, or Merkoulov (masculine, ) or Merkulova (feminine, ) is a Russian surname.
People with the surname Merkulov People in aviation Vladimir Merkulov (pilot) (1922–2003), Soviet flying ace
People in culture Yuri Merkulov (1901–1979), Soviet artist, one of the founders of the Soviet school of animation
People in sports Robert Merkulov (1931–2022), former Soviet speed skater Nina Merkulova (born 1945), former Soviet alpine skier Yulia Merkulova (born 1984), Russian volleyball-player Vladimir Merkulov (athlete) (born 1989), Russian professional football-player Mikhail Merkulov (born 1994), Russian professional football-player Alexandra Merkulova (born 1995), Russian rhythmic gymnast Georgii Merkulov (born 2000), Russian professional ice hockey-player
People in politics Vsevolod Merkulov (1895–1953), Soviet politician and head of the NKGB