Maksymilian Apolinary Hartglas (7 April 1883 – 7 March 1953) was a Zionist activist and one of the main political leaders of Polish Jews during the interwar period, a lawyer, a publicist, and a Sejm deputy from 1919 to 1930.
Biography Maksymilian Apolinary Hartglas was born into a lawyer family from Podlasie. Between 1892 and 1900 he attended a secondary school in Biała Podlaska. Subsequently he earned a law degree from Warsaw University in 1904.Andrzej Krzysztof Kunert, Małgorzata Smogorzewska, ed. "Posłowie i senatorowie Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 1919-1939. Słownik biograficzny, tom II: E-J" (Delegates and senators of the Second Polish Republic 1919-1939, Biographical Dictionary, Vol II: E-J), Warszawa 2000 Between 1907 and 1919 he practiced law in Siedlce with an additional office in Warsaw.Jolanta Żyndul, "The Legal Practice of Apolinary Hartglas", Justice, The International Association of Jewish Lawyers and Jurists, No. 30, Winter 2002, pg. 45 While at the university he became involved with the Zionist movement and in 1906 he participated in a Zionist Helsingfors conference in Helsinki.
After the Nazi invasion of Poland and German occupation he was made a member of the Warsaw Judenrat.
In December 1939, he managed to escape to Trieste, Italy and immigrated to Palestine. He settled in Jerusalem. After the establishment of the State of Israel he served as a high ranking administrator in the Ministry of the Interior.Yad Vashem, "Pinkas Hakehillot:“Biala Podlaska” - Encyclopedia of Jewish Communities in Poland, Volume VII", pgs. 84-89.
Political career In 1919 he was elected by constituents of Biała Podlaska as a deputy to the first Sejm of the newly independent Polish state which was charged with writing a new constitution. In all he served three terms as a delegate. Before the elections of 1922 together with Yitzhak Gruenbaum he was a co-creator of Bloc of National Minorities, a parliamentary organization whose purpose was to represent ethnic minorities in the Polish parliament.Gershon David Hundert, The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe, Yivo Institute for Jewish Research and Yale University Press, 2008. One of his first acts as a deputy of the Sejm was to introduce a law which annulled all Russian sponsored laws which discriminated against Jews in the former Congress Poland.Robert Blobaum, "Antisemitism and its opponents in modern Poland", Cornell University Press, 2005, pg. 150
In 1920 he took part in the Polish-Soviet War as a volunteer. Between 1938 and 1939 he was a member of the Warsaw City Council. During this time he published articles in "Głos Żydowski", "Tygodnik Żydowski" and "Życie Żydowskie" newspapers.HOLOKAUST NA TERENIE REGIONU BIALSKOPODLASKIEGO: Życie społeczno - polityczne.
Published works In 1996, his memoirs were published posthumously in Poland under the title At the border of two worlds (Polish: Na pograniczu dwóch światów) (), in which he described the social and political realities of Poland at the turn of the century, during World War I, and the interwar period. In the book he wrote:Apolinary Hartglas, Na pograniczu dwóch światów, Warszawa Oficyna Wydawn. Rytm 1996 , .Natalia Aleksiun, "Narratives under Siege: Polish-Jewish Relations and Jewish Historical Writings in Interwar Poland", The Stephen Roth Institute for the Study of Antisemitism and Racism, Tel Aviv University, 2003
See also Ozjasz Thon
References