Karakulov () is a masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Karakulova. Notable people with the surname include:
Gleb Karakulov (born 1987), former captain of the Russian Federal Protective Service who defected in 2022 Kuanysh Karakulov (born 1977), Kazakhstani football player Kaidar Karakulov (born 1974), Kazakh general, a commander of the Kazakh Ground Forces Amir Karakulov (born 1965), Kazakh director and writer Amir Karakulov (Qaroqulov), Tadjik politician Nikolay Karakulov (1918–1988), Soviet sprinter