4X is a subgenre of strategy video games. The term is a loose acronym of "explore, expand, exploit, and exterminate", coined in 1993 to describe the gameplay of Master of Orion. 4X games usually feature complex simulations of scientific research, economics, diplomacy, and social dynamics. Unlike computer wargames, they usually have more ways to win than through warfare, and they model the creation and evolution of an empire from its beginning. Games prior to Master of Orion have been retroactively identified as 4X games. Early precursors include the board games Outreach and Stellar Conquest, both published in the 1970s. Some early strategy video games, such as Andromeda Conquest (1982) and Cosmic Balance II (1983) incorporated what would later become elements of 4X games, but the first 4X video game was Reach for the Stars (1983). Because of the genre's focus on mouse-and-keyboard control schemes, most 4X games are available on personal computers, but examples exist on other platforms. Some 4X games include elements of real-time strategy, but 4X games are typically slow-paced.
Video game platforms
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+ Classic 4X games Year Game Developer Setting Platform Notes1977EmpireWalter Bright, Chuck SimmonsHistoricalCurrently maintained by Eric S. Raymond 1983 Reach for the Stars SSG Sci-fi (Space) DOS, WIN, APPII, MAC, C64, AMI Remade in 2000 under the same name.1984Imperium GalactumSSISci-fi (Space)APPII, ATR, C64 1984 Incunabula Avalon Hill Historical DOS 1985 Strategic Conquest Peter Merrill, Delta Tao Historical APPII, MAC 1987 Anacreon: Reconstruction 4021 Thinking Machine Associates Sci-fi (Space) DOS 1987 Stellar Conflicthttps://www.lemonamiga.com/game/stellar-conflict PAR Software Sci-fi (Space) AMI 1987 Xconq Stan Shebs, others n/a 1988 Reach for the Stars: The Conquest of the Galaxy - Third Edition SSG Sci-fi (Space) DOS, C64, APPII, AMI, MAC, PC98 Third & last edition. Updated to 16-bit computers. 1988 Stellar Crusade