The Global Hunger Index (GHI) is a tool used to measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and national levels. The report, published annually in October, describes the prevalence of hunger and undernutrition in individual countries and gauges both progress and setbacks in the global fight against hunger. GHI scores can be used to rank countries, and current results can be compared with past outcomes. An interactive map enables users to visualize data across different years and zoom into specific regions or countries.
The index was originally developed by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in cooperation with Welthungerhilfe, a German aid organization, and was first published in 2006. In 2007, the Irish non-governmental organization (NGO) Concern Worldwide joined as a co-publisher. In 2018, IFPRI handed the project over to its longstanding partners Welthungerhilfe and Concern Worldwide, who have continued the GHI as a joint initiative ever since. In 2024, the Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict (IFHV) joined the project as an academic partner.
The Global Hunger Index 2025 marks the anniversary by taking stock of two decades of evidence-based recommendations: moving from productivity-focused agriculture toward rights-based, inclusive, and resilience-oriented approaches. Priorities include, among others, stronger governance and accountability; climate-adapted and transformed food systems; equal opportunities; support for rural livelihoods; cross-sectoral strategies; and coordinated, responsible development finance. It underscores the importance of reliable data, anticipatory risk management, and local empowerment, especially of women and marginalized groups.
In previous years, topics included: 2010: Early childhood undernutrition among children younger than the age of two. 2011: Rising and more volatile food prices of the recent years and the effects these changes have on hunger and malnutrition. 2012: Achieving food security and sustainable use of natural resources, when the natural sources of food become increasingly scarce. 2013: Strengthening community resilience against undernutrition and malnutrition. 2014: Hidden hunger, a form of undernutrition characterized by micronutrient deficiencies. 2015: Armed conflict and its relation to hunger. 2016: Reaching the UN Sustainable Development Goal of zero hunger by 2030. 2017: The challenges of inequality and hunger. 2018: Forced migration and hunger. 2019: Climate change and hunger. 2020: "One decade to Zero Hunger: Linking health and sustainable food systems". 2021: Hunger and Food Systems in Conflict Settings. 2022: Food Systems Transformation and Local Governance. 2023: The Power of Youth in Shaping Food Systems. 2024: How Gender Justice can advance Climate Resilience and Zero Hunger 2025: 20 Years of tracking Progress: Time to recommit to Zero Hunger Welthungerhilfe (WHH), Concern Worldwide, and Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict (IFHV). 2025.|https://www.globalhungerindex.org/pdf/en/2025.pdf | 2025 Global Hunger Index: 20 years of tracking progress: Time to recommit to zero hunger]. Bonn/Berlin: WHH; Dublin: Concern Worldwide; Bochum: IFHV
In addition to the yearly GHI, the Hunger Index for the States of India (ISHI) was published in 2008 and the Sub-National Hunger Index for Ethiopia was published in 2009.
An interactive map allows users to visualize the data for different years and zoom into specific regions or countries.
Calculation of GHI scores + GHI scoresLevelValueLow≤ 9.9Moderate10.0-19.9Serious20.0-34.9Alarming35.0-49.9Extremely alarming≥ 50.0Based on the values of the four indicators, a GHI score is calculated on a 100-point scale reflecting the severity of hunger, where 0 is the best possible score (no hunger) and 100 is the worst. Each country's GHI score is classified by severity, from low to extremely alarming.
The GHI combines 4 component indicators:
Undernourishment: the share of the population with insufficient caloric intake. Child stunting: the share of children under age five who have low height for their age, reflecting chronic undernutrition. Child wasting: the share of children under age five who have low weight for their height, reflecting acute undernutrition. Child mortality: the share of children who die before their fifth birthday, partly reflecting the fatal mix of inadequate nutrition and unhealthy environments.
In 2025, data were assessed for the 136 countries that met the criteria for inclusion in the GHI, and GHI scores were calculated for 123 of those countries based on data from 2000 to 2024. The data used to calculate GHI scores come from published United Nations sources (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization, UNICEF, and Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation), the World Bank, and Demographic and Health Surveys.
For 13 countries, individual scores could not be calculated and ranks could not be determined owing to a lack of data. Seven countries were provisionally designated by severity based on other published data. For the remaining 6 countries, data were insufficient to allow for either calculating GHI scores or assigning provisional categories.
Regional and national trends The 2025 GHI report finds that hunger is most severe in the regions of Africa South of the Sahara and South Asia, where hunger remains serious. Africa South of the Sahara’s high GHI score is driven by the highest undernourishment and child mortality rates of any region by far. In South Asia, serious hunger is driven by rising undernourishment and persistently high child undernutrition.
Hunger is designated as moderate in West Asia and North Africa, though food crises are occurring in Gaza and Yemen. Hunger is categorized as low in Latin America and the Caribbean, East and Southeast Asia, and Europe and Central Asia.
According to the 2025 GHI scores and provisional designations, hunger is considered alarming in 6 countries (Burundi, Chad, Madagascar, Somalia, South Sudan, and Yemen) and serious in 36 countries. Many countries are slipping backward: in 27 countries with low, moderate, serious, or alarming 2025 GHI scores, hunger has actually increased since 2016. In 10 countries with moderate, serious, or alarming 2025 GHI scores, progress has largely stalled and their 2025 GHI scores have declined by less than 5 percent from their 2016 GHI scores.
A small number of countries—including Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, Togo and Uganda—have made significant improvements in their GHI scores, even if hunger in these countries remains too high.
Country rankings Country rankings as per the Global Hunger Index.
Legend
Rank in 2025 Country 2000 2008 2016 2025 Absolute changesince 2016 Percent changesince 2016 1-25 20.3 10.8 6.7 <5 — — 1-25 <5 <5 <5 <5 — — 1-25 9.5 6.1 5.0 <5 — — 1-25 8.6 8.1 7.3 <5 — — 1-25 <5 <5 <5 <5 — — 1-25 13.8 7.3 <5 <5 — — 1-25 5.9 <5 <5 <5 — — 1-25 7.1 <5 <5 <5 — — 1-25 <5 <5 <5 <5 — — 1-25 11.8 8.0 5.7 <5 — — 1-25 <5 <5 <5 <5 — — 1-25 12.0 10.2 5.7 <5 — — 1-25 <5 <5 <5 <5 — — 1-25 5.3 <5 <5 <5 — — 1-25 5.0 <5 <5 <5 — — 1-25 — 5.8 <5 <5 — — 1-25 7.4 5.5 <5 <5 — — 1-25 8.1 6.0 <5 <5 — — 1-25 10.6 6.0 5.5 <5 — — 1-25 — 5.3 <5 <5 — — 1-25 5.3 <5 <5 <5 — — 1-25 14.8 6.9 <5 <5 — — 1-25 <5 <5 <5 <5 — — 1-25 7.9 <5 <5 <5 — — 1-25 25.7 12.7 5.7 <5 — — 26 18.1 15.0 5.8 5.1 -0.7 -12.1 26 29.5 17.3 8.0 5.1 -2.9 -36.3 28 12.8 8.3 5.2 5.2 0.0 0.0 29 25.2 14.1 8.1 5.6 -2.5 -30.9 30 10.1 8.5 6.6 5.9 -0.7 -10.6 31 9.8 9.2 7.1 6.0 -1.1 -15.5 32 10.7 10.3 7.1 6.1 -1.0 -14.1 33 9.1 7.6 6.1 6.2 0.1 1.6 34 6.5 5.2 5.3 6.4 1.1 20.8 34 11.6 6.3 5.4 6.4 1.0 18.5 34 15.2 12.8 8.6 6.4 -2.2 -25.6 37 15.3 15.3 6.7 7.0 0.3 4.5 38 14.1 10.8 8.0 7.1 -0.9 -11.3 39 21.1 12.9 8.0 7.2 -0.8 -10.0 40 12.4 9.5 8.3 7.4 -0.9 -10.8 41 17.3 12.3 9.2 7.5 -1.7 -18.5 42 13.6 11.6 8.9 7.6 -1.3 -14.6 43 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.0 -0.3 -3.6 43 18.4 12.2 8.9 8.0 -0.9 -10.1 45 17.0 15.3 10.7 8.3 -2.4 -22.4 46 11.1 8.3 7.1 8.5 1.4 19.7 47 15.6 11.5 8.6 9.3 0.7 8.1 48 16.2 13.1 11.5 9.4 -2.1 -18.3 49 14.3 8.7 14.2 9.6 -4.6 -32.4 50 17.5 12.3 10.4 9.7 -0.7 -6.7 50 19.9 14.3 10.2 9.7 -0.5 -4.9 52 9.2 10.2 10.6 9.9 -0.7 -6.6 53 16.2 10.2 12.0 10.2 -1.8 -15.0 54 10.2 7.6 7.7 10.3 2.6 33.8 55 14.9 10.4 10.8 10.4 -0.4 -3.7 55 12.8 10.0 9.7 10.4 0.7 7.2 57 16.4 15.5 14.5 10.5 -4.0 -27.6 58 19.1 14.6 11.3 10.9 -0.4 -3.5 59 11.2 11.0 9.7 11.0 1.3 13.4 60 25.7 19.7 14.1 11.1 -3.0 -21.3 61 22.1 17.6 14.1 11.2 -2.9 -20.6 62 21.7 15.9 13.1 12.5 -0.6 -4.6 63 22.9 19.2 14.7 12.8 -1.9 -12.9 63 39.3 26.9 15.3 12.8 -2.5 -16.3 65 29.0 21.5 16.5 13.1 -3.4 -20.6 66 15.3 13.2 12.8 13.4 0.6 4.7 66 23.9 21.4 17.7 13.4 -4.3 -24.3 68 15.1 13.9 13.4 13.6 0.2 1.5 69 11.9 14.8 16.3 13.9 -2.4 -14.7 70 27.0 20.9 14.0 14.6 0.6 4.3 70 25.0 27.8 18.2 14.6 -3.6 -19.8 72 37.0 28.5 20.6 14.8 -5.8 -28.2 73 39.8 24.7 17.7 14.9 -2.8 -15.8 74 17.1 16.4 12.9 15.1 2.2 17.1 75 41.5 28.3 16.8 15.3 -1.5 -8.9 76 32.5 20.9 16.8 15.6 -1.2 -7.1 77 23.9 25.8 18.9 15.9 -3.0 -15.9 78 36.8 26.9 20.4 17.1 -3.3 -16.2 79 35.7 25.7 20.5 17.2 -3.3 -16.1 80 29.5 23.3 18.8 17.3 -1.5 -8.0 80 37.6 27.7 24.7 17.3 -7.4 -30.0 82 29.0 23.8 20.8 18.0 -2.8 -13.5 83 19.8 18.4 16.1 18.8 2.7 16.8 84 26.6 27.1 22.0 18.9 -3.1 -14.1 85 34.6 32.5 24.4 19.2 -5.2 -21.3 86 31.3 20.1 21.2 19.9 -1.3 -6.1 * — — — 10–19.9* — — * 21.4 17.1 13.1 10–19.9* 1.8 14.1 87 36.0 28.6 29.1 20.2 -8.9 -30.6 88 32.8 33.2 22.3 20.4 -1.9 -8.5 88 18.9 18.8 21.8 20.4 -1.4 -6.4 90 35.5 29.6 27.2 20.9 -6.3 -23.2 91 40.3 29.4 24.7 21.1 -3.6 -14.6 92 49.7 36.4 28.2 21.7 -6.5 -23.0 93 29.9 27.2 22.5 21.8 -0.7 -3.1 94 44.8 32.8 24.6 21.9 -2.7 -11.0 95 43.3 28.5 23.1 22.0 -1.1 -4.8 96 40.3 31.3 24.7 22.3 -2.4 -9.7 97 35.1 32.2 26.6 22.6 -4.0 -15.0 98 44.5 34.4 25.4 22.9 -2.5 -9.8 99 36.8 31.9 28.4 23.7 -4.7 -16.5 100 53.0 37.5 26.1 24.4 -1.7 -6.5 101 37.6 30.4 26.6 25.4 -1.2 -4.5 102 38.1 34.6 29.3 25.8 -3.5 -11.9 103 32.2 25.5 23.8 25.9 2.1 8.8 103 35.7 28.7 23.1 25.9 2.8 12.1 103 46.8 32.7 36.4 25.9 -10.5 -28.8 106 36.2 32.3 25.4 26.0 0.6 2.4 107 — 42.2 30.5 28.0 -2.5 -8.2 108 57.8 41.1 32.4 28.5 -3.9 -12.0 109 49.6 32.7 28.0 29.0 1.0 3.6 110 51.2 41.4 31.7 29.6 -2.1 -6.6 111 63.8 35.3 25.7 29.7 4.0 15.6 112 47.7 36.8 32.9 30.0 -2.9 -8.8 113 14.8 17.0 23.7 30.6 6.9 29.1 114 31.3 32.8 31.9 31.0 -0.9 -2.8 115 38.2 32.3 29.9 32.8 2.9 9.7 116 46.8 41.9 36.0 33.4 -2.6 -7.2 117 52.7 39.0 33.3 33.9 0.6 1.8 118 49.6 43.8 38.5 34.8 -3.7 -9.6 * — — — 20–34.9* — — * — — 27.5 20–34.9* -0.1 -0.2 * 43.8 30.8 27.6 20–34.9* -0.2 -0.5 119 40.2 37.2 29.9 35.7 5.8 19.4 120 42.0 36.6 35.0 35.8 0.8 2.3 121 46.1 39.5 36.4 37.5 1.1 3.0 121 — — — 37.5 — — 123 64.3 60.5 49.4 42.6 -6.8 -13.8 * — — — 35–49.9* — — For the 2025 GHI report, data were assessed for the countries available in the 2025 ranking sheet. If "—" sign is shown, data are not available or not presented. Some countries did not exist in their present borders in the given year or reference period.
See also List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty
References
Literature 2024 – Gender Justice, Climate Resilience and Food and Nutrition Security 2023 – The Power of Youth in Shaping Food Systems 2022 – Food Systems Transformation and Local Governance 2021 – Hunger and Food Systems in Conflict Settings 2020 – One Decade to Zero Hunger - Linking Health and Sustainable Food Systems 2019 – The Challenge of Hunger and Climate Change 2018 – Forced Migration and Hunger 2017 – The Inequalities of Hunger 2016 – Getting to Zero Hunger 2015 – Armed Conflict and the Challenge of Hunger 2014 – The Challenge of Hidden Hunger 2013 – The Challenge of Hunger: Building Resilience to achieve Food and Nutrition Security 2012 – The Challenge of Hunger: Ensuring Sustainable Food Security Under Land, Water, and Energy Stresses 2011 – The Challenge of Hunger: Taming Price Spikes and Excessive Food Price Volatility