List of United States representatives who served a single term

There are United States representatives who spent only a single two-year term (or less) in office usually either due to death, resignation, or electoral defeat. In some rare cases, freshmen members have decided to run for another office or not run for reelection, and two members (John William Reid and George Santos) have been expelled. Many members who serve in the House for only one term are viewed by historians and political experts as having won under circumstances largely beyond their control, such as riding in on the coattails of a popular presidential or statewide candidate of their party, or by running against a scandalized incumbent. Other special cases include Morris Michael Edelstein, who won a special election to the 76th United States Congress, won re-election to a full term to the 77th United States Congress, but died early in that term after serving less than two years total.

Not included in this list are non-voting delegates. Members who served in the United States Congress, but also served in the Congress of the Confederate States or as a delegate, are included. For members-elect who never took office, see List of United States representatives-elect who never took their seats.

1st Congress (1789–1791) NamePartyDistrictTermNotesAnti-Administration –Died.Anti-Administration –Retired.Anti-Administration –Pro-AdministrationPro-AdministrationAnti-AdministrationAnti-AdministrationLost re-election.Pro-AdministrationAnti-AdministrationRetired.Pro-AdministrationAnti-AdministrationLost re-election.Anti-AdministrationRetired.Pro-Administration –Resigned.Pro-Administration –Re-elected, but declined seat to become U.S. senator.Anti-AdministrationRetired.Anti-AdministrationAnti-AdministrationAnti-Administration

2nd Congress (1791–1793) NamePartyDistrictTermNotesPro-Administration –Retired.Pro-AdministrationLost re-election.Pro-AdministrationAnti-AdministrationAnti-AdministrationRetired.Anti-AdministrationAnti-Administration –Seat declared vacant due to dispute over his residency.Anti-Administration –Retired.

3rd Congress (1793–1795) NamePartyDistrictTermNotesPro-Administration –Retired.Pro-AdministrationAnti-AdministrationPro-AdministrationRedistricted to the .Lost re-election in new district.Pro-AdministrationRetiredPro-Administration –Won special election.Not a candidate for full term.Anti-Administration –Lost re-election.Pro-AdministrationRedistricted to the .Lost re-election in new district.Pro-Administration –Resigned.Anti-Administration –Died.Anti-Administration –Redistricted to the 10th district.Lost re-election in new district.Anti-AdministrationRedistricted to the 5th districtLost re-election in new district.Anti-AdministrationLost re-election.Pro-Administration –Won special election.Lost election to full term.Resigned early.Anti-Administration –Lost re-election.Anti-AdministrationAnti-AdministrationRetired.Pro-Administration –c. Resigned to assume role as Captain in the United States Navy.Pro-Administration –Retired.Anti-AdministrationLost re-election.Pro-AdministrationRetired.Anti-AdministrationPro-Administration

4th Congress (1795–1797) NamePartyDistrictTermNotesFederalist –Re-elected, but declined seat.Federalist –Resigned.Democratic-Republican –Retired.Democratic-RepublicanLost re-election.FederalistDemocratic-RepublicanRetired.Democratic-RepublicanLost re-election.Democratic-Republican –Resigned.Federalist –Retired.Federalist –Won special election.Not a candidate for full term.

5th Congress (1797–1799) NamePartyDistrictTermNotesFederalist –Retired.FederalistLost re-election.FederalistFederalistRetired.FederalistFederalistFederalistDemocratic-RepublicanDemocratic-RepublicanLost re-election.FederalistRetired.FederalistDemocratic-RepublicanLost re-election.FederalistRetired.

6th Congress (1799–1801) NamePartyDistrictTermNotesFederalist –Lost re-election.FederalistFederalistDemocratic-RepublicanFederalistRe-elected, but declined seat.FederalistLost re-election.FederalistRetired.Democratic-Republican –Won special election.Elected to full term, but resigned one day into term to become United States Attorney General.Democratic-Republican –Retired.Federalist –Resigned to become United States Secretary of State.Federalist –Retired.FederalistFederalistFederalistFederalistDemocratic-RepublicanRe-elected, but declined seat to take seat in United States Senate.Democratic-Republican –Won special election.Not a candidate for full term.Federalist –Retired.

7th Congress (1801–1803) NamePartyDistrictTermNotesDemocratic-Republican –Retired.FederalistLost re-election.Democratic-Republican –Died.Democratic-Republican –Retired.FederalistFederalistFederalist –Resigned.Democratic-Republican –Retired.FederalistFederalist –Resigned to become Secretary of State of New York.Federalist –Retired.Democratic-Republican –Won special election.Seat declared vacant after losing re-election.Federalist –Retired.

8th Congress (1803–1805) NamePartyDistrictTermNotesDemocratic-Republican –Retired.Federalist –Died.Federalist –Retired.Federalist –Seat declared vacant.Federalist – ?Prevented from qualifying by illness.Democratic-Republican –Re-elected, but declined seat.FederalistLost re-election..FederalistRetired.Democratic-Republican –Resigned.Democratic-Republican –Won special election.Not a candidate for full term.Democratic-Republican –

Andrew McCord DR-NY Nahum Mitchell Federalist-MA Beriah Palmer DR-NY John Paterson DR-NY Oliver Phelps DR-NY Samuel D. Purviance Federalist-NC George Tibbits Federalist-NY

9th Congress (1805–1807) NamePartyDistrictTermNotesDemocratic-Republican –Lost re-election.Federalist –Won special election.Not a candidate for full term.Democratic-Republican –Retired.Died before term expired.Democratic-Republican –Lost re-election.Democratic-Republican –Lost election contest.Democratic-Republican –Retired.Democratic-Republican –Won election contest.Lost re-election.Resigned early.Democratic-Republican –Retired.

Caleb Ellis F-NH Silas Halsey DR-NY John Hamilton DR-PA Duncan McFarlan DR-NC Peter Sailly DR-NY O'Brien Smith DR-SC Thomas W. Thompson F-NH Eliphalet Wickes DR-NY

10th Congress (1807–1809) NamePartyDistrictTermNotesDemocratic-Republican –Lost re-election.Democratic-Republican –Won special election.Not a candidate for full term.Democratic-Republican –Retired.Democratic-Republican –Won special election.Not a candidate for full term.

Peter Carleton DR-NH Josiah Dean DR-MA Daniel Meserve Durell DR-NH Francis Gardner DR-NH John Harris DR-NY John Hiester DR-PA Reuben Humphrey DR-NY William Kirkpatrick DR-NY John Rowan DR-KY Jedediah K. Smith DR-NH Clement Storer DR-NH James I. Van Alen DR-NY Jesse Wharton DR-TN Isaac Wilbour DR-RI James Witherell DR-VT

11th Congress (1809–1811) NamePartyDistrictTermNotesFederalist –Won special election.Not a candidate for full term.Federalist –Retired.FederalistFederalistFederalist

William T. Barry DR-KY Daniel Blaisdell F-NH John Brown DR-MD John Curtis Chamberlain F-NH James Cox DR-NJ Henry Crist DR-KY William Denning DR-NY Gideon Gardner DR-MA David S. Garland DR-VA Daniel Hiester DR-PA Jonathan Hatch Hubbard F-VT William McKinley DR-VA Pleasant Moorman Miller DR-TN John Nicholson DR-NY Benjamin Pickman Jr. Federalist-MA John A. Scudder DR-NJ Robert Weakley DR-TN James Wilson I F-NH Robert Witherspoon DR-SC

12th Congress (1811–1813) NamePartyDistrictTermNotesFederalist –Retired.Democratic-RepublicanDemocratic-RepublicanRe-elected, but declined seat to accept appointment to U.S. Senate.Democratic-RepublicanRedistricted to the .Lost re-election in new district.FederalistRetired.Democratic-RepublicanLost re-election.

John Baker F-VA Josiah Bartlett Jr. DR-NH Francis Carr DR-MA Samuel Dinsmoor DR-NH Asa Fitch F-NY Obed Hall DR-NH John Adams Harper DR-NH Joseph Lefever DR-PA George C. Maxwell DR-NJ Arunah Metcalf DR-NY James Milnor F-PA William Paulding Jr. DR-NY Benjamin Pond DR-NY William Rodman DR-PA Silas Stow DR-NY Peleg Tallman DR-MA Pierre Van Cortlandt Jr. DR-NY Leonard White Federalist-MA Thomas Wilson F-VA

13th Congress (1813–1815) NamePartyDistrictTermNotesFederalist –Retired.Democratic-RepublicanDemocratic-Republican –Lost election contest.Federalist –Retired.Democratic-Republican –Won special election.Lost election to full term.Federalist –Resigned.Democratic-Republican –Won special election.Not a candidate for full term.Federalist –Retired.Democratic-Republican

Reasin Beall DR-OH Thomas Bines DR-NJ Ezra Butler DR-VT Hugh Caperton F-VA William Coxe Jr. F-NJ Edward Crouch DR-PA Samuel Davis F-MA Peter Denoyelles DR-NY William Pope Duval DR-KY David R. Evans DR-SC Samuel Farrow DR-SC Peter Forney DR-NC James Geddes F-NY John Gloninger F-PA Theodore Gourdin DR-SC Abraham J. Hasbrouck DR-NY Samuel Henderson F-PA Samuel Hopkins DR-KY Samuel M. Hopkins F-NY Nathaniel W. Howell F-NY Levi Hubbard DR-MA Parry Wayne Humphreys DR-TN John Kershaw DR-SC John Lefferts DR-NY Jacob Markell F-NY Jotham Post Jr. F-NY Samuel Sherwood F-NY Zebulon R. Shipherd F-NY Richard Skinner DR-VT Isaac Smith DR-PA Samuel Smith F-NH William Stephens Smith F-NY Richard Stockton F-NJ Adamson Tannehill DR-PA Francis White F-VA James Whitehill DR-PA Elisha I. Winter F-NY Abiel Wood DR-MA

14th Congress (1815–1817) NamePartyDistrictTermNotesDemocratic-Republican –Retired.FederalistRedistricted to the .Lost re-election in new district.Democratic-Republican –Won special election.Resigned.Federalist –Retired.FederalistLost re-election.Democratic-RepublicanRedistricted to the .Lost re-election in new district.Democratic-RepublicanRetired.Democratic-RepublicanFederalistDemocratic-Republican –Lost re-election.Resigned early.Democratic-Republican –Died.Democratic-Republican –Retired.

Asa Adgate DR-NY Charles Humphrey Atherton F-NH Ezra Baker DR-NJ Samuel Betts DR-NY James Birdsall DR-NY Daniel Cady F-NY Daniel Chipman F-VT Archibald S. Clarke DR-NY Henry Crocheron DR-NY Samuel Dickens DR-NC Thomas Fletcher DR-KY John Hahn DR-PA Jabez Delano Hammond DR-NY Luther Jewett F-VT Chauncey Langdon F-VT William Carter Love DR-NC Asa Lyon F-VT Charles Marsh F-VT William Mayrant DR-SC John Noyes F-VT George Poindexter DR-MS William H. Roane DR-VA Asahel Stearns Federalist-MA Abraham H. Schenck DR-NY Thomas Smith F-PA Micah Taul DR-KY John Taylor DR-SC Isaac Thomas DR-TN Jonathan Ward DR-NY Westel Willoughby Jr. DR-NY John Woods F-PA James West Clark DR-NC William Woodward DR-SC

15th Congress (1817–1819) Heman Allen (of Colchester) DR-VT Archibald Austin DR-VA Joseph Bellinger DR-SC Thomas Claiborne DR-TN Edward Colston Federalist-VA Daniel Cruger DR-NY Isaac Darlington Federalist-PA John R. Drake Republican-NY Benjamin Ellicott Dr-NY Joshua Gage DR-MA Sylvester Gilbert DR-CT Salma Hale DR-NH Peter Hitchcock DR-OH Samuel E. Hogg DR-TN Uriel Holmes Federalist-CT William Hunter DR-VT Dorrance Kirtland DR-NY Thomas Lawyer Republican-NY William J. Lewis DR-VA George Washington Lent Marr DR-TN John McLean DR-IL George Mumford DR-NC Wilson Nesbitt DR-SC David A. Ogden Federalist-NY Alexander Ogle DR-PA Benjamin Orr F-MA James Owen Republican-NC John Fabyan Parrott DR-NH Levi Pawling Federalist-PA John Pegram DR-VA George Poindexter DR-MS James Porter DR-NY Philip Jeremiah Schuyler Federalist-NY Tredwell Scudder DR-NY David Scott DR-PA Samuel B. Sherwood Federalist-CT Jacob Spangler Republican-PA Thomas Speed DR-KY John Canfield Spencer DR-NY James Stewart Federalist-NC James Tallmadge Jr. DR-NY Nathaniel Terry Federalist-CT Rensselaer Westerlo Federalist-NY John P. Cushman F-NY Thomas Scott Williams Federalist-CT

16th Congress (1819–1821) Nathaniel Allen DR-NY Caleb Baker DR-NY Joseph Brevard Republican-SC William Brown DR-KY Henry Brush DR-OH Henry Hunter Bryan DR-TN Joseph Buffum Jr. DR-NH Walter Case DR-NY Robert Clark DR-NY John Condit DR-NJ John Crowell DR-AL John Alfred Cuthbert DR-GA Jacob H. De Witt DR-NY Edward Dowse Republican-MA John Fay Republican-NY William Donnison Ford Republican-NY John C. Gray DR-VA