The 40th Canadian federal election was held on October 14, 2008.

The Conservative Party of Canada, led by Stephen Harper, won a minority government. The Conservatives won 143 seats. The Liberal Party of Canada, won 77 seats. The separatist Bloc Québécois won 49 seats and the social-democratic New Democratic Party won 37. Two independent candidates won a seat, one each in Nova Scotia and Quebec.

Vote Total

National ResultsElections CanadaParty Seats Votes % 143 5,209,069 37.65 77 3,633,185 26.26 49 1,379,991 9.98 37 2,515,288 18.18 2 89,387 0.65 0 937,613 6.78 0 26,475 0.191 0 8,565 0.062 0 7,300 0.053 0 5,860 0.042 0 5,457 0.039 0 3,572 0.026 0 3,455 0.025 0 2,298 0.0166 0 2,122 0.0153 0 1,713 0.0124 0 1,611 0.0116 0 527 0.0038 0 425 0.0031 0 195 0.00141 0 186 0.00134Total 13,834,294 100.00%

Vote and seat summaries

Gains and losses

+ Elections to the 40th Parliament of Canada – seats won/lost by party, 2006–2008Party2006Gain from (loss to)2008ConLibBQNDPInd124 22 (2) 1 (1) 2 (2) (1) 143103 2 (22) 2 1 (9) 7751 1 (1) (2) 4929 2 (2) 9 (1) 371 1 2Total 308 6 (25) 31 (5) 3 (1) 3 (11) – (1) 308 The following seats changed allegiance from the 2006 election:

Conservative to Liberal Avalon St. John's South—Mount Pearl

Conservative to BQ Louis-Hébert

Conservative to NDP Edmonton—Strathcona St. John's East

Conservative to Independent Cumberland—Colchester—Musquodoboit Valley

Liberal to Conservative Brant Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River Egmont Fredericton Huron—Bruce Kenora Kitchener Centre Kitchener—Waterloo London West Miramichi Mississauga—Erindale Newmarket—Aurora North Vancouver Nunavut Oak Ridges—Markham Oakville Richmond Saint Boniface Saint John Thornhill West Nova West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky Country

Liberal to NDP Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing Churchill Nickel Belt Outremont Sudbury Thunder Bay—Rainy River Thunder Bay—Superior North Vancouver Kingsway Welland

BQ to Conservative Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean

BQ to Liberal Brossard—La Prairie Papineau

NDP to Conservative Surrey North Vancouver Island North

NDP to Liberal Parkdale—High Park

Results by electoral district All districts Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia Nunavut Northwest Territories Yukon

Results by province Party nameBCABSKMBONQCNBNSPENLNUNTYTTotalConservative Seats:22 27 13 9 51 10 6 3 1 0 1 - - 143 Vote:44.4 64.6 53.7 48.8 39.2 21.7 39.4 26.1 36.2 16.5 34.8 37.6 32.8 37.6 Liberal Seats:5 - 1 1 38 14 3 5 3 6 - - 1 77 Vote:19.3 11.4 14.9 19.1 33.8 23.7 32.4 29.8 47.7 46.6 34.8 13.6 45.3 26.2 Bloc Québécois Seats:          49               49 Vote:          38.1               10.0 New Democrat Seats:9 1 - 4 17 1 1 2 - 1 - 1 - 37 Vote:25.0 12.7 25.6 24.0 18.2 12.2 21.9 28.9 9.8 33.9 27.6 41.5 9.0 18.2 Vote:9.4 8.8 5.6 6.8 8.0 3.5 6.2 8.0 4.7 1.7 8.4 5.5 13.0 6.8 Independent / No affiliation Seats: 1 1        2 Vote:    0.6   6.6;           0.7 Total seats: 36 28 14 14 106 75 10 11 4 7 1 1 1 308

Atlantic provinces The Liberals won 17 seats in the Atlantic Provinces, the Conservatives ten, the NDP four, and Independent one. This is a swing of one seat from the Liberals to each of the other parties.

Newfoundland and Labrador Buoyed by the so-called "ABC Campaign", spearheaded by popular Newfoundland and Labrador Premier Danny Williams, the Liberals won six seats and the NDP one. The Avalon and St. John's South—Mount Pearl seats changed hands from the Tories to the Liberals. The St. John's East seat changed from the Tories to NDP, as Norman Doyle retired. The change in Avalon was a crushing blow as the incumbent Fabian Manning was soundly defeated by the Liberals' Scott Andrews.

Results in Newfoundland and Labrador (Preliminary)Election CanadaParty Seats Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Votes % +/- 6 1 91,025 46.75 +3.92 1 4 2 65,680 33.73 +20.16 2 5 32,261 16.57 -26.13 5 1 3,259 1.67 +0.77 1 1 1 1,713 0.88 * 1 578 0.30 * 1 179 0.09 *Total 194,695 100%

Prince Edward Island The three Liberal incumbents have been re-elected. In the fourth riding, Egmont, incumbent Liberal Joe McGuire retired, and the seat went to the Tories.

Results in Prince Edward IslandParty Seats Second Third Fourth Fifth Votes % +/- 3 1 35,372 47.67 1 3 26,877 36.22 4 7,233 9.80 3 1 3,488 4.70 1 1,101 1.5 1 124 0.2 Total 74,195 100%

Nova Scotia All incumbents were re-elected, except in Halifax where the retiring Alexa McDonough was replaced by another New Democrat, Megan Leslie, and in West Nova the incumbent Liberal Robert Thibault was defeated by Tory Greg Kerr. Elizabeth May of the Green Party was defeated in the riding of Central Nova, which was a battle between her and incumbent cabinet minister Peter MacKay.

Results in Nova ScotiaParty Seats Second Third Fourth Fifth Votes % +/- 5 2 2 1 130,038 29.8 3 3 5 113,799 26.1 2 5 4 126,127 28.9 1 2 28,698 6.6 1 9 35,022 8.0 1 4 1,946 0.5 1 196 0.0 1 182 0.0 Total 436,008 100%

New Brunswick The Liberal Green Shift was most unpopular in New Brunswick. Three ridings previously held by the Liberals switched to the Tories; Fredericton, Miramichi, and Saint John. In the other seven ridings the incumbent was re-elected.

Results in New BrunswickParty Seats Second Third Fourth Fifth Votes % +/- 6 3 1 145,132 39.4 3 6 1 119,197 32.4 1 1 8 80,525 21.9 10 22,683 6.2 1 330 0.1 1 168 0.1 Total 368,035 100%

Quebec

The Bloc Québécois played obstruction in preventing the Conservatives from achieving a majority. Fifteen battleground ridings were in Quebec, with only three changing hands. The BQ lost the riding of Papineau to the Liberals, but gained the riding of Louis-Hébert from the Tories. A recent recount saw the Liberals take the riding of Brossard—La Prairie from the BQ, slightly strengthening their position. Results in QuebecParty Seats Votes % +/- 49 1,379,565 38.1 14 859,634 23.7 10 784,560 21.7 1 441,136 12.2 0 126,299 3.5 1 23,106 0.6 0 2,753 0.1 0 393 0.0 0 265 0.0 0 183 0.0 Total 3,620,362 100%

Ontario

Twenty battleground ridings were in Ontario alone, and the Conservatives took the ridings of Brant, Oakville, Huron—Bruce and Halton from the Liberals, where the NDP took Thunder Bay—Superior North, Thunder Bay—Rainy River, Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing, Sudbury and Nickel Belt from the Liberals. The Liberals themselves lost 16 seats in Ontario.

Results in Ontario (99.99% of polls)Party Seats Votes % +/- 51 2,019,362 39.2 +4.1 38 1,741,200 33.8 -6.1 17 938,400 18.2 +1.2 0 411,444 8.0 +3.4 0 13,029 0.3 +0.14 0 12,907 0.3 0 4,911 0.1 0 3,556 0.1 0 3,212 0.1 0 1,508 0.0 0 1,448 0.0 0 1,165 0.0 0 650 0.0 0 529 0.0 Total 5,153,321 100.0

Prairie provinces

Manitoba

Results in ManitobaParty Seats Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Votes % +/- 9 4 1 228,051 48.8 4 5 4 1 112,247 24 1 5 7 1 89,313 19.1 2 12 31,723 6.8 10 4,189 0.9 2 1 575 0.1 1 1 1 394 0.1 1 212 0.0 2 185 0.0 Total 466,889 100%

Saskatchewan

All seats were retained by their incumbent parties. The closest race was Saskatoon—Rosetown—Biggar. There, the incumbent Carol Skelton did not seek reelection, giving the NDP high hopes that well-known farmers' activist Nettie Wiebe might re-establish a federal NDP presence in Parliament from the province. The seat was retained by Conservative Kelly Block in a close two-way race to keep the NDP shut out in Saskatchewan - despite the fact that their proportion of the popular vote there was in fact higher than any other province outside Atlantic Canada.

Results in SaskatchewanParty Seats Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Votes % +/- 13 1 224,927 53.7 12 2 107,289 25.6 1 1 10 2 62,209 14.9 2 12 23,279 5.6 1 1 479 0.0 1 282 0.0 1 169 0.0 1 134 0.0 1 74 0.0 Total 418,842 100%

Alberta

Arguably the Conservatives' power base, Alberta's Tory incumbents were all re-elected except for the riding of Edmonton—Strathcona, which the NDP narrowly took that riding with 442 votes.

Results in AlbertaParty Seats Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Votes % +/- 27 1 820,855 64.6 1 14 7 6 161,409 12.7 8 9 11 144,364 11.4 4 11 11 2 111,505 8.8 1 4 1 19,995 1.6 No affiliation 1 4,837 0.4 4 1 2 3,434 0.3 3 1 1,184 0.1 2 1 1,051 0.1 2 3 907 0.1 2 509 0.0 1 244 0.0 Total 1,270,294 100.0

British Columbia The Conservatives regained the seats lost in the 2006 election and held on to seven of the ten battleground ridings. They took the ridings of West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky Country from the Greens and Richmond from the Liberals. Results in British ColumbiaParty Seats Votes % +/- 22 796,757 44.4 9 467,335 26.1 5 346,795 19.3 0 168,723 9.4 0 3,378 0.2 0 3,123 0.0 0 2,912 0.2 0 1,355 0.0 0 835 0.0 0 759 0.0 0 425 0.0 0 423 0.0 0 358 0.0 0 195 0.0 Total 1,793,373 100%

Territories Liberal candidate in the Yukon and the NDP candidate in Western Arctic (the Northwest Territories) won re-election.

However, in Nunavut the Liberal candidate Kirt Ejesiak was defeated by Conservative Leona Aglukkaq to give the modern Conservatives their first elected member from the territories.

Results in NunavutParty Seats Votes % +/- 1 2,815 34.9 0 2,349 29.1 0 2,228 27.6 0 669 8.3Total 8,068 100%

Results in the Northwest TerritoriesParty Seats Votes % +/- 1 5,669 41.4 0 5,146 37.6 0 1,858 13.6 0 752 5.5 0 252 1.8 Total 13,677 100%

Results in the YukonParty Seats Votes % +/- 1 6,715 45.8 0 4,788 32.7 0 1,881 12.8 0 1,276 8.7 Total 14,511 100%

Incumbent MPs defeated

Conservative gains Omar Alghabra, incumbent Liberal MP for Mississauga—Erindale was defeated by Conservative candidate Bob Dechert. Catherine Bell, incumbent New Democrat MP for Vancouver Island North was defeated by Conservative candidate John Duncan. Bonnie Brown, incumbent Liberal MP for Oakville was defeated by Conservative candidate Terence Young. Charles Hubbard, incumbent Liberal MP for Mirmachi was defeated by Conservative candidate Tilly O'Neill-Gordon. Susan Kadis, incumbent Liberal MP for Thornhill was defeated by Conservative Candidate Peter Kent. Karen Redman, incumbent Liberal MP for Kitchener Centre was defeated by Conservative candidate Stephen Woodworth. Lloyd St. Amand, incumbent Liberal MP for Brant was defeated by Conservative Candidate Phil McColeman. Andrew Telegdi, incumbent Liberal MP for Kitchener—Waterloo was defeated by Conservative candidate Peter Braid by 73 votes. The automatic recount on October 17, 2008 found that Braid won by only 17 votes. Lui Temelkovski, incumbent Liberal MP for Oak Ridges—Markham was defeated by Conservative Candidate Paul Calandra. Garth Turner, incumbent Liberal MP for Halton was defeated by Conservative candidate Lisa Raitt. Paul Zed, incumbent Liberal MP for Saint John was defeated by Conservative candidate Rodney Weston. Blair Wilson, incumbent Green MP for West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky Country was defeated by Conservative candidate John Weston Raymond Chan, incumbent Liberal MP for Richmond was defeated by Conservative candidate Alice Wong.

Liberal gains Vivian Barbot, incumbent Bloc Québécois MP for Papineau was defeated by Liberal candidate Justin Trudeau. Wajid Khan, incumbent Conservative MP for Mississauga—Streetsville was defeated by Liberal candidate Bonnie Crombie Marcel Lussier, incumbent Bloc Québécois MP for Brossard—La Prairie was defeated by Liberal candidate Alexandra Mendès. Peggy Nash, incumbent New Democrat MP for Parkdale—High Park was defeated by Liberal candidate Gerard Kennedy Fabian Manning, incumbent Conservative MP for Avalon was defeated by Liberal candidate Scott Andrews.

NDP gains Ken Boshcoff, incumbent Liberal MP for Thunder Bay—Rainy River was defeated by New Democrat candidate John Rafferty. Rahim Jaffer, incumbent Conservative MP for Edmonton—Strathcona, was defeated by New Democrat candidate Linda Duncan. Tina Keeper, incumbent Liberal MP for Churchill was defeated by New Democrat candidate Niki Ashton.