List of hybrid vehicles

This is a list of hybrid vehicles. A hybrid could theoretically have any two power sources, but hybrid vehicles have typically combined an internal combustion engine with a battery and electric motor(s).

This list includes both regular hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids, in chronological order of first production. Since Porsche made the first hybrid car in 1899 there have been a number of hybrid vehicles; but there was a marked increase in interest in, and development of, hybrid vehicles for personal transport in the late 1990s.

Automobiles

Overview by decade YearCompanyNameTypeCommentsMPGPre-19501899Jacob Lohner & Co.Automobile1900Pieper of BelgiumAutomobile1901Jacob Lohner & Co.Lohner–PorscheAutomobile1905Fischer Motor Vehicle Co.Petrol–electric OmnibusBus1906Auto-MixteAutomobilePieper patent1907AL (French car)Automobile1911Tilling-StevensTTA1 petrol–electric (in service on Thomas Tilling routes)BusPetrol–electric transmission, but no storage battery and no propulsion except with the petrol engine running1915Owen MagneticTouring CarAutomobileThe 'Car of a Thousand Speeds'1915Woods Motor VehicleDual Power Model 44Automobile1950s1951Compagnie Normande d'EtudesArbelAutomobileA petrol–electric hybrid powered on the Lohner–Porsche principle. Very few made and most were prototypes. A nuclear power plant was proposed for the 1958 version.1960s1969Mercedes-BenzMercedes-Benz OE 302Bus1969General MotorsGeneral Motors XP-883Automobile1970s1970Lviv Bus FactoryLAZ 360EMBusFirst and last low floor Soviet city bus with hybrid transmission, this bus was built as a concept bus, and only one example was made.1972Towns MicrodotAutomobile1979 FiatFiat 131 IbridaAutomobileFiat hybrid prototype, 903 cc engine mated to a DC 1980s1980Daihatsu Motor Co.Daihatsu Charmant HybridAutomobileThis four-door, four-seater car was part of a series of EV prototypes constructed by Daihatsu in the seventies and eighties. It used a 550 cc two-cylinder engine which charged the batteries, and was augmented by two DC electric motors during acceleration.1986TwikeAutomobileThe Twike HEHV designed by a group of Swiss students debuted at the 1986 World expo in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It remains in limited production and available in the United States (source: Neiman Marcus Christmas Book 2007, page 89).1986HondaGaselleAutomobileThe Goldwing engine-based Gaselle hybrid gas/electric prototype built by Sarabjit Gandhi drove 8050 km in 16 days as part of the World Energy Autocross.1988Alfa Romeo33 IbridaAutomobile1990s1991HinoHino Blue Ribbon HIMRBus1992Volvo CarsVolvo ECCAutomobileGas turbine–electric1993MitsubishiMitsubishi Fuso Aero Star MBECS, first generationBus1993HinoModel unknown, medium duty, for sale in Japan only. First generation.Truck1995FiatVanzicAutomobileElectric motor with the assistance of a thermal energy generator1995NissanNissan Diesel UA ERIPBus1996IsuzuIsuzu Cubic CHASSEBus1996Gillig CorporationGillig Phantom HybridBus1997AudiAudi A4 Avant DuoAutomobileFirst production Audi Hybrid, third generation of the "Duo" hybrid powertrain, PHEV1997ToyotaToyota Coaster Hybrid EV BusFirst Japanese series hybrid bus1997ToyotaToyota Prius (Japanese market only)Automobile1998New Flyer IndustriesNew Flyer DE40LF (diesel–electric hybrid bus), originally called "H40LF"Bus1999HondaHonda InsightAutomobile1999Orion InternationalOrion VI HybridBus2000s2000 NissanTino HybridAutomobile1.769L QG18DE 74 kW petrol engine and EM29 17 kW electric motor2000 FiatMultipla Hybrid PowerAutomobileThermal engine and electric motor2000ToyotaToyota Prius (introduced to US market)Automobile1NZ-FXE 4cyl engine, 2001–2003 model2001ToyotaToyota Crown (Japan only) AutomobileMild hybrid2001ToyotaToyota Estima (Japan only)Automobile2002HondaHonda Civic HybridAutomobileMild hybrid, 2003 model2002?MazdaMazda Demio e-4WD (Japanese market only)AutomobileUsed the electric motor for traction assistance2002MitsubishiMitsubishi Fuso Aero Star Nonstep HEV bus, second generationBus2002Nova BusNova Bus RTS HEV bus (4 units built)Bus2002Motor Coach IndustriesMCI D4000 HEV (4 units built)Bus2002WrightbusWright ElectrocityBus2002New Flyer IndustriesNew Flyer DE60LFBus2003HinoHino Ranger Hybrid, light-duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generationTruck2003Orion InternationalOrion VII hybrid busDaimlerChrysler Commercial Buses North America Bus2003TransBus InternationalTransBus Enviro200HBus2003SuzukiSuzuki TwinAutomobile2003ToyotaToyota Alphard hybrid (Japan only)Automobile2003ToyotaToyota PriusAutomobile(5-seat midsize, 2004–2009 model, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive 1,000,000 sold (as of May 15, 2008))48 mpg (city)45 mpg (highway)2003ToyotaDyna Diesel Hybrid/Toyoace hybrid (commercial truck, Japan only, diesel hybrid)Automobile2004ChevroletChevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid AutomobileMild hybrid, w/no electrical motor for propulsion, electricity only used to power accessories2004FordFord Escape Hybrid (2005 model)SUV2004HondaHonda Accord Hybrid AutomobileMild hybrid, 2005–2007 model, discontinued due to slow sales25 mpg (city)34 mpg (highway)2004ToyotaHino Dutro/Toyota Dyna Hybrid, light-duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generationTruck2004New Flyer IndustriesNew Flyer GE40LF (gasoline–electric hybrid bus)Bus2004HinoHino S'elega R HybridBus2004HinoHino Blue Ribbon City HybridBus2004Gillig CorporationGillig Low Floor HybridBus2005HondaHonda Civic HybridAutomobile2006 model, second generation49 mpg (city)51 mpg (highway)2005LexusLexus RX 400h Automobile2006 model, 3MZ-FE V6 engine(AWD) 27 mpg (city)25 mpg (highway)2005ToyotaToyota Highlander/Klueger Hybrid Automobile2006-2007 model, 3MZ-FE V6 engine2WD33 mpg (city)28 mpg (highway)4WD31 mpg (city)27 mpg (highway)2005Mercury automobileMercury Mariner hybridAutomobileTwin of Ford Escape Hybrid (2005 model)2006IC CorporationIC Corporation Hybrid School BusBus2006Nova BusNova Bus LFS HEVBus2006WrightbusWright Pulsar Gemini HEVBus2006 New Flyer IndustriesNew Flyer DE40LFRBus2006Saturn CorporationSaturn Vue Green Line AutomobileBAS, mild hybrid, 2007 model(2WD) 27 mpg (city)32 mpg (highway)2006LexusLexus GS 450h Automobile2007 model, 2GR-FSE engine25 mpg (city)28 mpg (highway)2006ToyotaToyota Camry Hybrid Automobile2007 model, 2AZ-FXE engine40 mpg (city)38 mpg (highway)2006ToyotaToyota Estima hybrid (redesign, minivan, Japan only)AutomobileIt is claimed by Toyota to be the world's first hybrid minibus.2006Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus CorporationCanter Eco HybridTruck2006International FTTSTruck2007New Flyer IndustriesNew Flyer DE60LFRBus2007LexusLexus LS600hL Automobile2008 model, first V8 full hybrid, 2UR-FSE engine2007NissanNissan AltimaAutomobileLicensed Toyota Hybrid Synergy Drive42 mpg (city)36 mpg (highway)2007ToyotaToyota Highlander/Kluger Hybrid Automobile2008 vehicle redesign, mostly same 3MZ-FE V6 engine2007HinoHybrid 6500 Medium, light-duty, available in Australia.Truck2007E-OneE-ONE Hybrid Command CenterTruck2007Eaton CorporationMedium-duty hybrid trucks fully commercialized in conjunction with FedEx Express and other partnersTruck2007FordFord Escape HybridSUV2008 model year(2WD) 36 mpg (city) 31 mpg (highway)(4WD) 32 mpg (city) 29 mpg (highway)2007MazdaMazda Tribute HybridSUVTwin of Ford Escape Hybrid2007Mercury automobileMercury Mariner HybridSUVTwin of Ford Escape Hybrid2008Alexander DennisAlexander Dennis Enviro200HBus2008Alexander DennisAlexander Dennis Enviro400HBus2008Alexander DennisAlexander Dennis Enviro500HBus2008Beiqi Foton/Eaton CorporationBeiqi Foton with Eaton Corp. diesel–electric hybrid powertrainsBus2008HinoHino S'elega Hybrid (second generation)Bus2008New FlyerXcelsior XDE40 HybridBus2008OptareOptare TempoBus2008VolvoVolvo B5L HybridBus2008WrightbusWright Gemini 2 HEVBus2008ChevroletChevrolet Malibu AutomobileBAS, mild hybrid, canceled in 20092008BuickBuick Lacrosse HybridAutomobileBAS, mild hybrid, Chinese market only, Twin of Chevrolet Malibu2008CadillacCadillac Escalade (2009 model)SUVGlobal Hybrid Cooperation2008ChevroletChevrolet Tahoe (2008 model)SUVGlobal Hybrid Cooperation, RWD/AWD2008GMCGMC Yukon Hybrid (2008 model)SUVGlobal Hybrid Cooperation2008ChevroletChevrolet Silverado Hybrid (2009 model)TruckGlobal Hybrid Cooperation, first full hybrid full-size pickup truck2WD 18 mpg (city)/21 mpg (highway)4WD 17 mpg (city)/19 mpg (highway)2008GMCGMC Sierra Hybrid (2009 model)TruckGlobal Hybrid Cooperation2WD 18 mpg (city)/21 mpg (highway)4WD 17 mpg (city)/19 mpg (highway)2008DodgeDodge Durango Hybrid (2009 model)SUVGlobal Hybrid Cooperation, 2009 model only, Estimated overall production figures for the Durango and Aspen hybrid is around 800 cars2008ChryslerChrysler Aspen Hybrid (2009 model)SUVTwin of Dodge Durango Hybrid2008Saturn CorporationSaturn Vue Green Line (2008–2010 model)AutomobileBAS, mild hybrid2008Saturn CorporationSaturn AURA Green Line (2008–2010 model)AutomobileBAS, mild hybrid28 mpg (city) 35 mpg (highway)2008ToyotaToyota Crown hybridAutomobileRedsign, now a full hybrid, Japanese market2008BYD AutoBYD F3DM Plug-in hybrid, (China market)Automobile2008Komatsu LimitedKomatsu PC200-8 Hybrid excavatorExcavator2009BMWBMW X6 ActiveHybrid (US market)AutomobileGlobal Hybrid Cooperation, BMW's first full hybrid2009FordFord Fusion HybridAutomobile1st generation (2010), rebadged variant of Mercury Milan Hybrid, Lincoln MKZ Hybrid2009MercuryMercury Milan HybridAutomobileRebadged variant of Ford Fusion Hybrid, Lincoln MKZ Hybrid2009HondaHonda Insight (2010 model year)AutomobileSecond-generation model, now as a 5-door hatchback2009LexusLexus RX 450hAutomobile2010 model, 2GR-FXE V6 engine, 2nd generation2009LexusLexus HS 250h/Toyota SaiAutomobile2AZ-FXE engine, similar to Camry hybrid2009Mercedes-BenzMercedes S400 BlueHybrid AutomobileGlobal Hybrid Cooperation, mild hybrid, first lithium-ion battery hybrid and first Mercedes hybrid2009Mercedes-BenzMercedes ML 450 Hybrid 4MATICSUVGlobal Hybrid Cooperation2009ToyotaToyota PriusAutomobile3rd generation, 2010 model year, 2ZR-FXE I4 engine51 mpg (city)