Paul I of Russia and his consort Maria Feodorovna, via nine children that lived to adulthood, had 30 legitimate grandchildren.
Moreover, through their grandchildren, Paul and Maria are ancestors of many European royals, including Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, Felipe VI of Spain, Charles III of the United Kingdom, and Frederik X of Denmark.
Children ImageNameBirthDeathFamilyAlexander I of Russia12 December 177719 November 1825Married Princess Louise of Baden in 1793 and had issue.Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich of Russia27 April 177915 June 1831Married Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld in 1796. They had no issue and the marriage was annulled in 1820. Married morganatically Joanna Grudzińska in 1820. No surviving issue.
Konstantin had three illegitimate children, one of whom was Konstantin Konstantinov.Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia, Archduchess of Austria9 August 178316 March 1801Married Archduke Joseph of Austria, Palatine of Hungary in 1799. They had one daughter. Both mother and child died soon after birth.
Archduchess Alexandrina Paulina of Austria (born and died 8 March 1801)Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna, Hereditary Princess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin13 December 178424 September 1803Married Frederick Louis, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin in 1799 and had issue.Maria Pavlovna, Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach4 February 178623 June 1859Married Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1804 and had issue.Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna of Russia, Queen of Württemberg21 May 17889 January 1819Married Duke George of Oldenburg in 1809 with issue. Married secondly William I of Württemberg in 1816 with issue.Grand Duchess Olga Pavlovna of Russia22 July 179226 January 1795Died in infancy following complications of a tooth abscess.Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia, Queen of the Netherlands7 January 17951 March 1865Married William II of the Netherlands in 1816 with issue.Nicholas I of Russia25 June 179618 February 1855Married Princess Charlotte of Prussia in 1817 with issue.Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich of Russia8 February 17989 September 1849Married Princess Charlotte of Württemberg in 1824 with issue. He also had an illegitimate child with his mistress Karolina Karlovna Stieglitz. She was adopted by Baron Alexander von Stieglitz
Nadezhda Mikhailovna Yunina (1 December 1843 – 9 July 1908), married with issue.TsGIA SPb. f. 19. op.127. file 2194. Metric books of the Transfiguration Cathedral in Narva.
Grandchildren
Children of Alexander I ImageNameBirthDeathFamilyGrand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia29 May 17998 July 1800Died in infancy.Grand Duchess Elizabeth Alexandrovna of Russia15 November 180612 May 1808Died in infancy of an infection.
Children of Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna, Hereditary Princess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin ImageNameBirthDeathFamilyPaul Frederick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin15 September 18007 March 1842Married Princess Alexandrine of Prussia in 1822 and had issue. Paul Frederick also had illegitimate children with his mistress Countess Catharina von Hauke.
Catharina (1830–1834), died in childhood. Paul Friedrich (1832–1903) Alexander (1833–1833), died in infancy. Helene Catharina (1835–1915), died unmarried.Duchess Marie Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg31 March 180326 October 1862Married Georg, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg in 1825 with issue.
Children of Maria Pavlovna, Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach ImageNameBirthDeathFamilyPrince Paul of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach25 September 180510 April 1806Died in infancy.Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach3 February 180818 January 1877Married Prince Charles of Prussia in 1827 with issue.Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, German Empress30 September 18117 January 1890Married Wilhelm I in 1829 with issue.Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach24 June 18185 January 1901Married his first cousin Princess Sophie of the Netherlands in 1842 with issue.
Children of Catherine Pavlovna, Duchess of Oldenburg and Queen of Württemberg ImageNameBirthDeathFamilyDuke Peter Georg Paul Alexander of Oldenburg30 August 181016 November 1829Died young.Duke Peter of Oldenburg26 August 181214 May 1881Married Princess Therese of Nassau-Weilburg in 1837 with issue.Princess Maria Friederike Charlotte of Württemberg30 October 18164 January 1887Married Count Alfred von Neipperg in 1840 without issue.Princess Sophie of Württemberg, Queen of the Netherlands17 June 18183 June 1877Married her first cousin William III of the Netherlands in 1839 with issue.
Children of Anna Pavlovna, Queen of the Netherlands ImageNameBirthDeathFamilyWilliam III of the Netherlands19 February 181723 November 1890Married his first cousin Princess Sophie of Württemberg in 1839 with issue. Married secondly Princess Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont in 1879 with issue.Prince Alexander of the Netherlands2 August 181820 February 1848Died unmarried.Prince Henry of the Netherlands13 June 182013 January 1879Married Princess Amalia of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1853 without issue. Married Princess Marie of Prussia in 1879 without issue.Prince Ernest Casimir of the Netherlands21 May 182222 October 1822Died in infancy.Princess Sophie of the Netherlands, Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach8 April 182423 March 1897Married her first cousin Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1842 with issue.
Children of Nicholas I of Russia ImageNameBirthDeathFamilyAlexander II29 April 181813 March 1881Married Princess Marie of Hesse in 1841 with issue. Married morganatically his long time mistress Princess Catherine Dolgorukova in 1880, legitimising their issue.Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, Duchess of Leuchtenberg18 August 181921 February 1876Married Maximilian de Beauharnais, 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg in 1839 with issue.Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia, Queen of Württemberg 11 September 182230 October 1892Married Charles I of Württemberg in 1846 without issue.Sabine Thomsen. Die württembergischen Königinnen. Charlotte Mathilde, Katharina, Pauline, Olga, Charlotte – ihr Leben und Wirken [The Queens of Wuerttemberg: Charlotte Matilde, Katharina, Pauline, Olga, Charlotte – Their Lives and Legacies]. Silberburg-Verlag, 2006. They adopted their niece Grand Duchess Vera Konstantinovna of RussiaGrand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna, Princess Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel24 June 182510 August 1844Married Prince Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel in 1844. She gave birth to a son prematurely, shortly before her death, Wilhelm. He died that same day.Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich21 September 182725 January 1892Married Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg in 1848 with issue.Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich8 August 183125 April 1891Married Duchess Alexandra of Oldenburg in 1856 with issue. He also had several illegitimate children with his mistress Catherine Chislova.
Olga Nikolaevna Nikolaeva (10 June 1868 – 31 August 1950), married with issue. Vladimir Nikolaevich Nikolaev (4 June 1873 – 28 January 1942), married with issue. Catherine Nikolaevna Nikolaeva (1874 - 26 January 1940) Nicholas Nikolaevich Nikolaev (16 April 1875 – 9 January 1902), married with issue. Galina Nikolaevna Nikolaeva (28 January 1877 – 3 August 1878), died in infancy.Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich25 October 183218 December 1909Married Princess Cecilie of Baden in 1857 with issue.
Children of Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich of Russia ImageNameBirthDeathFamilyGrand Duchess Maria Mikhailovna of Russia9 March 182519 November 1846Died young.Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mikhailovna, Duchess of Nassau26 May 182628 January 1845Married Adolphe, Duke of Nassau in 1844. Elizabeth died giving birth to a daughter who did not survive.Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna, Duchess Georg August of Mecklenburg-Strelitz28 August 182712 May 1894Married Duke Georg August of Mecklenburg-Strelitz in 1851 with issue.Grand Duchess Alexandra Mikhailovna of Russia28 January 183127 March 1832Died in infancy.Grand Duchess Anna Mikhailovna of Russia27 October 183422 March 1836Died in infancy.
Great Grandchildren
Children of Paul Frederick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin ImageNameBirthDeathFamilyFrederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin28 February 182315 April 1883Married Princess Augusta Reuss of Köstritz in 1849 with issue.
Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (19 March 1851 – 10 April 1897), married with issue. Duke Paul Frederick of Mecklenburg (19 September 1852 – 17 May 1923), married with issue. Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (14 May [O.S. 2 May] 1854 – 6 September 1920), married with issue. Duke Nikolaus of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (18 August 1855 – 23 January 1856), died in infancy. Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg (8 December 1857 – 16 February 1920), married without issue.Grewolls, Grete (2011): Wer war wer in Mecklenburg und Vorpommern. Das Personenlexikon. Rostock: Hinstorff Verlag. p. 2460. Duke Alexander of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (13 August 1859 – 13 August 1859)
Married Princess Anna of Hesse and by Rhine in 1864 with issue.
Duchess Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (7 April 1865 – 8 February 1882), died young.C. Arnold McNaughton, The Book of Kings, volume 1, page 417.
Married Princess Marie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt in 1868 with issue.Arnold McNaughton, The Book of Kings, volume 1, page 417.
Duchess Elisabeth Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (10 August 1869 – 3 September 1955), married with issue. Duke Friedrich Wilhelm of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (5 April 1871 – 22 September 1897), died unmarried. Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (10 October 1873 – 5 August 1969), married with issue. Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (19 April 1876 – 3 July 1934), married with issue.Duchess Luise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Princess of Windisch-Graetz17 May 18249 March 1859Married Hugo, 2nd Prince of Windisch-Graetz in 1849 with issue.
Princess Alexandra of Windisch-Graetz (1850–1933), married. Princess Olga of Windisch-Graetz (1853–1934), married. Hugo, 3rd Prince of Windisch-Graetz (17 November 1854 – 15 May 1920), married with issue. Princess Marie of Windisch-Graetz, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (11 December 1856 – 9 August 1929), married with issue.Duke William of Mecklenburg-Schwerin5 March 182728 July 1879Married Princess Alexandrine of Prussia in 1865 with issue.
Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (7 November 1868 – 20 December 1944), married with issue.
Children of Marie Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg ImageNameBirthDeathFamilyErnst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg16 September 18267 February 1908Married Princess Agnes of Anhalt-Dessau in 1853 with issue.
Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg (2 August 1854 – 8 October 1898), married with issue. Prince Georg of Saxe-Altenburg (1 February 1856 – 29 February 1856), died in infancy.Prince Albrecht Frederick August31 October 182728 May 1835Died in childhood.Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg24 October 182913 May 1907Married Princess Augusta of Saxe-Meiningen in 1862 with issue.
Princess Marie Anne of Saxe-Altenburg, Princess of Schaumburg-Lippe (14 March 1864 – 3 May 1918), married with issue. Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg, Grand Duchess of Russia (25 January [O.S. 13 January] 1865 – 24 March 1927), married with issue. Princess Margarethe of Saxe-Altenburg (22 May 1867 – 17 June 1882), died young. Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (31 August 1871 – 22 March 1955), married with issue. Princess Louise Charlotte of Saxe-Altenburg (11 August 1873 – 14 April 1953), married with issue.
Children of Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach ImageNameBirthDeathFamilyPrince Frederick Charles of Prussia20 March 182815 June 1885Married Princess Maria Anna of Anhalt-Dessau in 1854 with issue.
Princess Marie of Prussia (14 September 1855 – 20 June 1888), married with issue.