Ali Ardashir Larijani (3 June 1958 – 17 March 2026) was an Iranian politician, military officer, and philosopher who served as the secretary of the Supreme National Security Council from 2025 until his assassination in 2026. He had previously served in the position from 2005 to 2007. From late December 2025 until his assassination, he was widely considered to be one of the most powerful officials in the Iranian government.
Born in Najaf, Iraq, to the ethnic Mazanderani-origin Larijani family, he studied Western philosophy at the University of Tehran. He rose to prominence within the Islamic Republic after joining the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in 1981. He served as the speaker of the Parliament of Iran from 2008 to 2020. He was a member of the Expediency Discernment Council from 2020 until his death, having previously served from 1997 to 2008. He filed for candidacy in the 2024 presidential election, but was ultimately disqualified. He previously ran in 2005, but finished in sixth place, and was also disqualified from running in 2021.
Larijani was one of the two representatives of the Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei to the council, the other being Hassan Rouhani. In his post as secretary, he functioned as the top negotiator on issues of national security, including the nuclear program of Iran. He was also a member of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution.
From until 17 March 2026, Larijani was described as the country's most powerful man by multiple newspapers like Haaretz, or as "de facto leader" by The Australian and others. Reportedly the IRGC supported him. On 15 January 2026, following a wave of protests and the ensuing massacres, the United States imposed new sanctions on Larijani for his part in repressing protesters. He was described as the "mastermind" of the January 2026 crackdown, leveraging his close ties to IRGC commanders and intelligence services, together with his family's longstanding connections to senior clerics, to consolidate support across rival factions and prepare to assume leadership after Khamenei's death. On 17 March 2026, Larijani was assassinated in an Israeli airstrike.
Early life and education
Ali Larijani was born on 3 June 1958 in Najaf, Iraq, to Iranian parents of ethnic Mazanderani background. He hailed from a religious Shia gentry family based in Amol, a city in the Mazandaran Province, located in northern Iran. His father was a leading Twelver Shia cleric, Hashim Larijani. His parents moved to Najaf in 1931 due to pressure of the ruler Reza Shah, but returned to Iran in 1961. During the later years of Reza Shah's reign, members of the Larijani family, including Hashim Larijani, were exiled to the Kurdish-inhabited cities of Bukan and Sardasht in northwestern Iran, where they resided for a time before eventually being allowed to return to northern Iran."Biography of Mirza Hashem Amoli". Hamshahrionline. 6 February 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
Larijani was a graduate of the Qom Seminary. He also held a Bachelor of Science degree in computer science and mathematics from Aryamehr University of Technology and held a master's degree and PhD in Western philosophy from the University of Tehran. Initially, he wanted to continue his graduate studies in computer science, but changed his subject after consultation with Morteza Motahhari, his future father-in-law. Larijani published books on Immanuel Kant, Saul Kripke, and David Lewis.Slavoj Žižek, 'Iran from Heidegger to Kant', ŽIŽEK GOADS AND PRODS, 9 March 2026 Larijani was a faculty member of the School of Literature and Humanities at the University of Tehran.
Political career (1981–2026) Larijani was a commander of the Iranian Revolutionary Guards (IRGC) as well as a veteran of the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988). He served as the deputy minister of labor and social affairs. Later he was appointed deputy minister of information and communications technology. In March 1994, he was appointed head of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), replacing Mohammad Hashemi Rafsanjani in the post. He was in office until 21 July 2004 and was succeeded by Ezzatollah Zarghami after serving ten years in the post. He became security adviser to Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in August 2004.
Larijani was a presidential candidate for the 2005 presidential elections, where he ranked sixth, winning 5.94% of the votes. He was considered the most important presidential candidate of the conservative alliance for the 2005 presidential elections. He was supported by the Islamic Society of Engineers (ISE), among other conservative groups. He was the final choice of the conservative Council for Coordination of the Forces of the Revolution, made up from representatives of some influential conservative parties and organizations. However, he proved to be the least popular of the three conservative candidates, the others being Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (second rank in the first round, winner in the second round) and Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf (fourth rank in the first round).
In 2005, Larijani was appointed the Supreme National Security Council secretary. This body helps draw up nuclear and other policies issued by the supreme leader. He replaced Hassan Rouhani in the post. As a chief nuclear negotiator, Iranian analysts said he differed with the president over how to pursue negotiations with his European counterparts and say he backed a more pragmatic approach.
As Iran's top nuclear envoy, Larijani said on 25 April 2007 that he expected "new ideas" from senior EU official Javier Solana at talks on resolving the deadlock between Tehran's refusal to freeze its nuclear programme and United Nations Security Council demands that it do so.
Larijani was the secretary of the Supreme National Security Council from 15 August 2005 to 20 October 2007, replacing Hassan Rouhani; he was appointed to the position by President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Larijani's resignation from the secretary position was accepted on 20 October 2007; President Ahmadinejad had turned down his previous resignations.
In the March 2008 parliamentary election, Larijani won a seat from Qom. He said he was willing to work with Ahmadinejad; according to Larijani, he did not disagree with Ahmadinejad on ideological issues and had only "differences in style". In May 2008, Larijani became speaker of the parliament. He was reelected in the next year as chairman of the parliament. He was re-elected in the 2012 election, receiving the highest vote of any candidate in the Qom district. He was also elected for another term as chairman of the parliament on 5 June 2012 and was sworn in on 11 June 2012.
Larijani implied on 21 June 2009 that authorities took the side of one candidate without clarifying which candidate.CNN report: "Although the Guardian Council is made up of religious individuals, I wish certain members would not side with a certain presidential candidate," Larijani told the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) without naming whom he meant. Just after the election, Larijani reportedly congratulated presidential candidate Mir Hossein Mousavi as he, having "access to firsthand and classified information and news", believed Mousavi had won the election. However, on 22 October 2012, during a Q and A meeting with the students of Iran University of Science and Technology, Larijani denied the allegations that he had congratulated Mousavi. He was elected as speaker in the new Majlis in May 2016.
In May 2021, Larijani declared his bid for the presidency in the 2021 Iranian presidential election. However, the vetting Guardian Council, in a decision that astounded both the conservatives and reformists, disqualified him from running. Considering Larijani's long career as an Islamic Republic insider who has been part of the top echelons of power since the 1979 revolution, his disqualification was a possibility even his staunch detractors could not envision.
In May 2024, Larijani submitted his application for his candidacy for the president in the 2024 Iranian presidential election, but was again rejected by the Guardian Council.
In March 2025, U.S. president Donald Trump sent a letter to Iran seeking to reopen nuclear weapons negotiations. Ayatollah Ali Khamenei later said, "Some bullying governments insist on negotiations not to resolve issues but to impose their own expectations," which was seen as in response to the letter. Following this, in late March 2025, Larijani said Iran would have no choice but to develop nuclear weapons if attacked by the United States, Israel or its allies.
On 13 June 2025 the Iran–Israel war broke out with attacks on several nuclear facilities. On 22 June, the United States Air Force and Navy attacked the Natanz Nuclear Facility, Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant, and the Isfahan Nuclear Technology/Research Center.
On 5 August 2025, Larijani was appointed by President Masoud Pezeshkian to become secretary of the Supreme National Security Council for a second time. According to The New York Times, Larijani ran Iran from January 2026 until his death in March of that same year and was in "charge of crushing, with lethal force, the recent protests demanding the end of Islamic rule". Following the assassination of Ali Khamenei, Larijani said that the Iranian government will not "leave Trump alone".
In response to the European Union's decision to label the IRGC as a terrorist organization, Larijani tweeted that the military forces of any countries supporting the EU's decision against the IRGC would be considered terrorist groups and would face consequences of their actions.
Political positions Larijani was considered to maintain Motalefeh membership and views while in Hashemi Rafsanjani cabinet (1992–1994). Iranian scholar Mehdi Moslem in his 2002 book Factional Politics in Post-Khomeini Iran, suggests that Larijani had been a member of Motalefeh and part of the 'traditional right'. Payam Mohseni, a fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, classified Larijani as a lead figure in the 'theocratic right' camp, whose other prominent members are Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi and Mohammad Reza Mahdavi Kani.
Larijani was one of the leaders of the Principlists Pervasive Coalition in the 2008 parliamentary elections, and a United Front of Principlists leader. During the Iranian 2016 parliamentary election Larijani was the leader of the Followers of Wilayat faction, although he was backed by the reformist List of Hope and said he was running as an independent candidate.
He was also described as a center-right or moderate conservative politician who "slowly distanced himself from the Principlist camp" and a "conservative-turned-moderate". He was sometimes described as taking a hardline approach regarding relations to the West, but as a pragmatist regarding internal affairs.
Larijani was known to have close associates, including the interior minister Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli, Behrouz Nemati, spokesman for the parliament's presiding board, and Kazem Jalali, head of the parliament's research center.
Larijani supported pragmatism and was because of this seen as a "pragmatic conservative", he was also inspired by Deng Xiaoping's model of the People's Republic of China. However Larijani was critical of too much state involvement in the economy and supported a gradual economic and cultural opening alongside diplomatic engagement. According to Ali Alfoneh, Larijani was also an Iranian nationalist. Larijani talked often about sanctions and the economic pressure which comes from the west.
Larijani saw Velayat-e faqih as a form of democracy.
Larijani was opposed to Mohammad Khatami, while supporting Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. Larijani who was against Ahmadinejad supported some reforms of Hassan Rouhani.
One day before his death, Larijani rebuked Islamic countries – particularly the UAE – for "abandoning Iran" and siding with the U.S. and Israel.