List of amendments of the Constitution of India

As of March 2026, there have been 106 amendments of the Constitution of India since it was first enacted in 1950.

The Indian Constitution is one of the most amended national constitutions in the world. The Constitution spells out governmental powers with so much detail that many matters addressed by statute in other democracies must be addressed via constitutional amendment in India. As a result, the Constitution is amended roughly twice a year.

There are three types of amendments to the Constitution of India of which the second and third types of amendments are governed by Article 368.

The first type of amendment must be passed by a "simple majority" in each house of the Parliament of India. The second type of amendment must be passed by a prescribed "special majority" of each house of Parliament; and The third type of amendment must be passed by a "special majority" in each house of Parliament and ratified by at least one half of the State Legislatures. Examples of the third type of amendment include amendments No. 3, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 51, 54, 61, 62, 70, 73, 74, 75, 79, 84, 88, 95, 99, 101, and 104. __TOC__

List of amendments No. Introduced in Parliament Amendments Enforced since Objectives Prime Minister 1st 1951 15, 19, 85, 87, 174, 176, 341, 342, 372 and 376.Insert articles 31A and 31B.Insert schedule 9. 18 June 1951 Added special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SCs and STs). To fully secure the constitutional validity of zamindari abolition laws and to place reasonable restrictions on freedom of speech. A new constitutional device, called Schedule 9, introduced to protect against laws that are contrary to constitutionally guaranteed fundamental rights. These laws encroach upon property rights, freedom of speech and equality before law.Jawaharlal Nehru 2nd 1952 Amend article 81(1)(b). 1 May 1953 Removed the upper limit of 750,000 people, allowing for a single member to represent a larger population in a parliamentary constituency by amending Article 81(1)(b). 3rd 1954 Amend schedule 7. 22 February 1955 Re-enacted entry 33 of the Concurrent List in the Seventh Schedule with relation to include trade and commerce in, and the production, supply and distribution of four classes of essential commodities, viz., foodstuffs, including edible oil seeds and oils; cattle fodder, including oilcakes and other concentrates; raw cotton whether ginned or unginned, and cotton seeds; and raw jute. 4th 1955 Amend articles 31, 31A, and 305.Amend schedule 9. 27 April 1955 Primarily dealt with property rights and the state's power of acquisition. The amendment also included provisions to fix limits on the amount of agricultural land that an individual could own or occupy. Aimed to give the state full control over mineral and oil resources. 5th 1955 Amend article 3. 24 December 1955 Empowered the President to prescribe a time limit for a State Legislature to convey its views on proposed Central laws relating to the formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States. Also permitted the President to extend the prescribed limit. 6th 1956 Amend articles 269 and 286.Amend schedule 7. 11 September 1956 Amend the Union List and State List with respect to raising of taxes. 7th 1956 Amend articles 1, 3, 49, 80, 81, 82, 131, 153, 158, 168, 170, 171, 216, 217, 220, 222, 224, 230, 231 and 232.Insert articles 258A, 290A, 298, 350A, 350B, 371, 372A and 378A.Amend part 8.Amend schedules 1, 2, 4 and 7. 1 November 1956 Reorganisation of states on linguistic lines, abolition of Class A, B, C, D states and introduction of Union territories. 8th 1960 Amend article 334. 5 January 1960 Extended the period of reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies till 1970. 9th 1960 Amend schedule 1. 28 December 1960 Minor adjustments to territory of Indian Union consequent to agreement with Pakistan for settlement of disputes by demarcation of border villages, etc. 10th 1961 Amend article 240.Amend schedule 1. 11 August 1961 Incorporation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal. 11th Amend articles 66 and 71. 19 December 1961 Election of Vice President by Electoral College consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament, instead of election by a Joint Sitting of Parliament. Indemnify the President and Vice President Election procedure from challenge on grounds of existence of any vacancies in the electoral college. 12th Amend article 240.Amend schedule 1. 20 December 1961 Incorporation of Goa, Daman and Diu as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal. 13th Amend article 170.Insert new article 371A. 1 December 1962 Special protection under Article 371A for newly create State of Nagaland. 14th Amend articles 81 and 240.Insert article 239A.Amend schedules 1 and 4. 28 December 1962 Incorporation of Pondicherry into the Union of India and creation of Legislative Assemblies for Himachal Pradesh, Tripura, Manipur and Goa. 15th Amend articles 124, 128, 217, 222, 224, 226, 297, 311 and 316.Insert article 224A.Amend schedule 7. 5 October 1963 Raise retirement age of High Court judges from 60 to 62 and other minor amendments for rationalising interpretation of rules regarding judges etc. 16th Amend articles 19, 84 and 173.Amend schedule 3. 5 October 1963 Make it obligatory for seekers of public office to swear their allegiance to the Indian Republic and prescribe the various obligatory templates. 17th Amend article 31A.Amend schedule 9. 20 June 1964 To secure the constitutional validity of acquisition of Estates and place land acquisition laws in Schedule 9 of the constitution. 18th Amend article 3. 27 August 1966 Technical Amendment to include Union Territories in Article 3 and hence permit reorganisation of Union Territories.Lal Bahadur Shastri 19th Amend article 324. 11 December 1966 Abolish Election Tribunals and enable trial of election petitions by regular High Courts. 20th Insert article 233A. 22 December 1966 Indemnify & validate judgments, decrees, orders and sentences passed by judges and to validate the appointment, posting, promotion and transfer of judges barring a few who were not eligible for appointment under article 233. Amendment needed to overcome the effect of judgment invalidating appointments of certain judges in the state of Uttar Pradesh. 21st Amend schedule 8. 10 April 1967 Include Sindhi as an official language.Indira Gandhi 22nd Amend article 275.Insert articles 244A and 371B. 25 September 1969 Provision to form Autonomous states within the State of Assam. 23rd Amend articles 330, 332, 333 and 334. 23 January 1970 Discontinued reservation of seats for the Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, both in the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assembly and stipulated that not more than one Anglo-Indian could be nominated by the Governor to any State Legislative Assembly. Extend reservation for SCs and STs and Anglo-Indian members in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for another ten years, i.e. up to 1980. 24th Amend articles 13 and 368. 5 November 1971 Article 13(4) added. Enable Parliament to dilute Fundamental Rights through amendments to the Constitution. It was made compulsory for the President to give consent to the Constitution Amendment Bill. 25th Amend article 31.Insert article 31C. 8 December 1971 Restrict property rights and compensation in case the state takes over private property. However, the Supreme Court quashed a part of Article 31C (4) to the extent it took away the power of judicial review. This was done in the landmark case of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) 4 SCC 225 which for the first time enunciated the Basic structure doctrine. 26th Amend article 366.Insert article 363A.Remove articles 291 and 362. 28 December 1971 Abolition of privy purse paid to former rulers of princely states which were incorporated into the Indian Republic. 27th Amend articles 239A and 240.Insert articles 239B and 371C. (i) 30 December 1971 & (ii) 15 February 1972 Reorganisation of Mizoram into a Union Territory with a legislature and council of ministers. 28th Insert article 312A.Remove article 314. 29 August 1972 Rationalise Civil Service rules to make it uniform across those appointed prior to Independence and post Independence. 29th Amend schedule 9. 9 June 1972 'Kerala land reform acts' and amendments to these act placed under Schedule 9 of the constitution. 30th Amend article 133. 9 June 1972 Change the basis for appeals in Supreme Court of India in case of Civil Suits from value criteria to one involving substantial question of law. 31st Amend articles 81, 330 and 332. 17 October 1973 Increase size of Parliament from 525 to 545 seats. Increased seats going to the new states formed in North East India and minor adjustment consequent to 1971 Delimitation exercise. 32nd Amend article 371.Insert articles 371D and 371E.Amend schedule 7. 1 July 1974 Protection of regional rights in Telangana and Andhra regions of State of Andhra Pradesh. Supreme Court in P. Sambamurthy v. State of Andhra Pradesh 1987 SCC (1) 362 held clause (3) and (5) along with its Proviso of Article 371D as unconstitutional and void. It was found to be violative of basic structure doctrine, against the concept of justice and the principle of the rule of law. 33rd Amend articles 101 and 190. 19 May 1974 Prescribes procedure for resignation by members of parliament and state legislatures and the procedure for verification and acceptance of resignation by house speaker. 34th Amend schedule 9. 7 September 1974 Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution. 35th Amend articles 80 and 81.Insert article 2A.Insert schedule 10. 1 March 1975Terms and Conditions for the Incorporation of Sikkim into the Union of India. 36th Amend articles 80 and 81.Insert article 371F.Remove article 2A.Amend schedules 1 and 4.Remove schedule 10. 26 April 1975 Formation of Sikkim as a State within the Indian Union. 37th Amend articles 239A and 240. 3 May 1975 Formation of Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly. 38th Amend articles 123, 213, 239B, 352, 356, 359 and 360. 1 August 1975 Enhances the powers of President and Governors to pass ordinances. 39th Amend articles 71 and 329.Insert article 329A.Amend schedule 9. 10 August 1975 Amendment designed to negate the judgement of Allahabad HC in State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain 1975 SCR (3) 333 invalidating PM Indira Gandhi's election to parliament. Amendment placed restrictions on judicial scrutiny of post of Prime Minister. Irrespective of electoral malpractice, no case can be filed against president, vice president, speaker of lok sabha and prime minister. Later, clauses (4) and (5) of Article 329A were struck down by the Supreme Court in Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain 1976 (2) SCR 347, for being in violation of basic structure. 40th Amend article 297.Amend schedule 9. 27 May 1976 Enable Parliament to make laws with respect to Exclusive Economic Zone and vest the mineral wealth with Union of India.