Presidential elections were held in Gabon on 6 December 1998. Incumbent President Omar Bongo, in power since 1967, sought a seven-year term against five other candidates. It was Gabon's second multi-party presidential election and, despite low turnout and polling problems, Bongo won the election with 66.88% of the vote.Dieter Nohlen, Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999) Elections in Africa: A data handbook, p404
Campaign In late July 1998, the ruling Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG) called for Bongo to run for re-election, praising him as a "trump card for the third millennium". Also in July, the opposition National Woodcutters' Rally (RNB) split into two factions, one headed by Paul Mba Abessole and one headed by Pierre-Andre Kombila, after Kombila was expelled from the party."GABON: Ruling party seeks Bongo re-election", IRIN-WA Update 259 of Events in West Africa, 25–27 July 1998.
Pierre Mamboundou of the Union of the Gabonese People (UPG) ran as the candidate of the High Council of the Resistance, a coalition of opposition parties that included the UPG, the African Forum for Reconstruction, the Mebiame Group, MORENA–Original and the Socialist Emancipation Movement of the People."Gabon: Two presidential candidates declared", Africa No 1 radio (nl.newsbank.com), 6 June 1998.Elections in Gabon African Elections Database The Gabonese Progress Party (PGP) of Pierre-Louis Agondjo Okawé supported Mamboundou."Gabon: Opposition leader says President Bongo prisoner of his own men", Radio France Internationale (nl.newsbank.com), 24 August 1999.
Opinion polls The publication of opinion polls was prohibited by the National Communication Council during the week immediately preceding the election."GABON: Presidential candidate accused of gun running", IRIN-West Africa update 349, 30 November 1998.
Results According to final results from the Constitutional Court, Bongo won the election with 66.88% of the vote. Mamboundou officially placed second with 16.54% of the vote."Gabon: Opposition leader protests at results, alleges assassination attempt", Radio France Internationale (nl.newsbank.com), 13 December 1998."GABON: Opposition calls for strike action to protest election results" , IRIN-West Africa Update 359, 14 December 1998. Mamboundou denounced the official results as an "electoral coup d'etat" and called on the people to begin a "graduated response" by engaging in a stay at home ("ghost city") protest. Following the election, he alleged that commandos sent by the government tried to kill him on 12 December 1998."U.S. Department of State Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2000 - Gabon", UNHCR.org, 26 February 2001. While Mamboundou's call for people to stay at home was mostly ignored in Libreville, Port-Gentil was reportedly "paralysed"."Gabon: Port Gentil "paralysed" by opposition strike", Africa No 1 radio (nl.newsbank.com), 15 December 1998.
Aftermath Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane was Bongo's campaign manager during the election, and he was subsequently appointed as Prime Minister in January 1999.New prime minister for Gabon BBC News, 23 January 1999
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