The following outline is an overview of and topical guide to Thailand:
Thailand is a sovereign nation in the center of Mainland Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Andaman Sea, between Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, surrounds the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia to the south. It was formerly called Siam until 1939. , it is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy. Important former Thai kingdoms are Sukhothai, Ayutthaya and Rattanakosin. It had an absolute monarchy for centuries. The first constitution was established in 1932. The monarchy and military have periodically intervened in politics. Thailand experienced rapid economic growth between 1985 and 1996, becoming a newly industrialized country and a major exporter. Manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism are leading sectors of the economy. Thailand was a founding member of ASEAN in 1967, and the country's HDI has been rated as "high" to "very high" (Central Thailand) in 2022. The population of Thailand was 65.95 million in January 2025. The official language is Thai. The Thai people form the majority among 70 ethnic groups. Thailand is the 50th largest country and 3rd largest country in Southeast Asia after Indonesia and Myanmar. There are 6 regions of Thailand. The geography is diverse: Northern and Western Thailand are mountainous, Central Thailand is the heartland with the Chao Phraya River Basin, Northeastern Thailand has the arid Khorat Plateau, Eastern Thailand is coastal with a mountainous interior, while Southern Thailand is narrow with long coastlines.
General reference
Pronunciation:
Common English country names: Thailand, archaic Siam Official English country name: The Kingdom of Thailand Common endonym(s): Prathet Thai, Thai (ประเทศไทย, ไทย) Official endonym(s): Ratcha-anachak Thai (ราชอาณาจักรไทย) Adjectival(s): Thai Demonym(s): Thai Etymology: Name of Thailand International rankings of Thailand ISO country codes: TH, THA, 764 ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:TH Internet country code top-level domain: .th
Geography of Thailand
Thailand is: a country Location: Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere Eurasia Asia Southeast Asia Mainland Southeast Asia Time zone: Indochina Time (UTC+07) Extreme points of Thailand North: Mae Sai district () South: Betong district () East: Khong Chiam district () West: Mae Sariang district () High: Doi Inthanon Low: Andaman Sea Land boundaries:
Coastline: Population of Thailand: 65,975,198 people (8 Jan 2025 estimate) - 22nd most populous country Area of Thailand: - 49th largest country Time in Thailand Thai lunar calendar Thai solar calendar Atlas of Thailand Thai addressing system
Environment of Thailand
Climate of Thailand Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on Thailand Environmental issues in Thailand Deforestation in Thailand Renewable energy in Thailand Protected areas of Thailand Biosphere reserves in Thailand Forest parks of Thailand Historical parks of Thailand National parks of Thailand Wildlife of Thailand Birds of Thailand Mammals of Thailand
Natural geographic features of Thailand
Islands of Thailand Mountains in Thailand Thai highlands Volcanoes in Thailand Rivers of Thailand River systems of Thailand World Heritage Sites in Thailand
Regions of Thailand
Northern Thailand Northeastern Thailand Western Thailand Central Thailand Eastern Thailand Southern Thailand
Economic regions Eastern seaboard of Thailand
Ecoregions of Thailand
Administrative divisions of Thailand
Provinces of Thailand Districts of Thailand Tambon ("commune" or "subdistrict") Thesaban ("municipality") Muban ("village")
Provinces of Thailand
Thailand is divided into 76 provinces (จังหวัด, changwat) and the metropolitan municipality Bangkok (กรุงเทพมหานคร, Krung Thep Maha Nakhon).
North Chiang Mai (เชียงใหม่) Chiang Rai (เชียงราย) Lampang (ลำปาง) Lamphun (ลำพูน) Mae Hong Son (แม่ฮ่องสอน) Nan (น่าน) Phayao (พะเยา) Phrae (แพร่) Uttaradit (อุตรดิตถ์)
West Kanchanaburi (กาญจนบุรี) Phetchaburi (เพชรบุรี) Prachuap Khiri Khan (ประจวบคีรีขันธ์) Ratchaburi (ราชบุรี) Tak (ตาก)Northeast Amnat Charoen (อำนาจเจริญ) Bueng Kan (บึงกาฬ) Buri Ram (บุรีรัมย์) Chaiyaphum (ชัยภูมิ) Kalasin (กาฬสินธุ์) Khon Kaen (ขอนแก่น) Loei (เลย) Maha Sarakham (มหาสารคาม) Mukdahan (มุกดาหาร) Nakhon Phanom (นครพนม) Nakhon Ratchasima (นครราชสีมา) Nong Bua Lamphu (หนองบัวลำภู) Nong Khai (หนองคาย) Roi Et (ร้อยเอ็ด) Sakon Nakhon (สกลนคร) Si Sa Ket (ศรีสะเกษ) Surin (สุรินทร์) Ubon Ratchathani (อุบลราชธานี) Udon Thani (อุดรธานี) Yasothon (ยโสธร)Central Ang Thong (อ่างทอง) Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province (พระนครศรีอยุธยา) Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon), self-governing district (กรุงเทพ ฯ) Chai Nat (ชัยนาท) Kamphaeng Phet (กำแพงเพชร) Lopburi (ลพบุรี) Nakhon Nayok (นครนายก) Nakhon Pathom (นครปฐม) Nakhon Sawan (นครสวรรค์) Nonthaburi (นนทบุรี) Pathum Thani (ปทุมธานี) Phetchabun (เพชรบูรณ์) Phichit (พิจิตร) Phitsanulok (พิษณุโลก) Sukhothai (สุโขทัย) Samut Prakan (สมุทรปราการ) Samut Sakhon (สมุทรสาคร) Samut Songkhram (สมุทรสงคราม) Saraburi (สระบุรี) Sing Buri (สิงห์บุรี) Suphan Buri (สุพรรณบุรี) Uthai Thani (อุทัยธานี)East Chachoengsao (ฉะเชิงเทรา) Chanthaburi (จันทบุรี) Chonburi (ชลบุรี) Prachin Buri (ปราจีนบุรี) Rayong (ระยอง) Sa Kaeo (สระแก้ว) Trat (ตราด)
South Chumphon (ชุมพร) Krabi (กระบี่) Nakhon Si Thammarat (นครศรีธรรมราช) Narathiwat (นราธิวาส) Pattani (ปัตตานี) Phang Nga (พังงา) Phatthalung (พัทลุง) Phuket (ภูเก็ต) Ranong (ระนอง) Satun (สตูล) Songkhla (สงขลา) Surat Thani (สุราษฎร์ธานี) Trang (ตรัง) Yala (ยะลา)
Districts of Thailand
Altogether Thailand has 877 districts (อำเภอ; Amphoe), not including the 50 districts of Bangkok which are called khet (เขต) since the Bangkok administration reform in 1972.
Cities in Thailand
List of municipalities in Thailand Capital of Thailand: Bangkok (กรุงเทพมหานคร)
Demography of Thailand
Government and politics of Thailand
Constitution of Thailand Form of government: Constitutional monarchy Capital of Thailand: Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon) Conflicts in Thailand South Thailand insurgency 2014 Thai coup d'état 2020–2021 Thai protests 2025 Thai political crisis Elections in Thailand
Royal House of Thailand House of Mahidol Palace Law of Succession Succession to the Thai throne Bureau of the Royal Household Constitutional organizations of Thailand Political parties in Thailand Bhumjaithai Party People's Party Pheu Thai Party Kla Tham Party Democrat Party Same-sex marriage in Thailand
Branches of the government of Thailand
Executive branch of the government of Thailand
Head of state: King of Thailand, Vajiralongkorn Coronation of the Thai monarch Head of government: Prime Minister of Thailand, Anutin Charnvirakul Cabinet of Thailand Ministries of Thailand
Legislative branch of the government of Thailand National Assembly of Thailand (bicameral) Upper house: Senate of Thailand Lower house: House of Representatives of Thailand
Judicial branch of the government of Thailand
Constitution Tribunal Rulings of the Constitutional Court of Thailand Administrative Court of Thailand Criminal Court of Thailand No juries
Foreign relations of Thailand
Diplomatic missions in Thailand Diplomatic missions of Thailand Foreign aid to Thailand Thailand Customs
International organization membership
The Kingdom of Thailand is a member of, or participates in:
United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) Asian Development Bank (ADB) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Association of Southeast Asian Nations Regional Forum (ARF) Bank for International Settlements (BIS) Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) Colombo Plan (CP) East Asia Summit (EAS) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Group of 77 (G77) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) International Criminal Court (ICCt) (signatory) International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) International Development Association (IDA) International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS) International Finance Corporation (IFC) International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) International Labour Organization (ILO) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Olympic Committee (IOC) International Organization for Migration (IOM) International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM) International Telecommunication Union (ITU) International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO) International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) Nonaligned Movement (NAM) Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) (observer) Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) (observer) Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) (partner) Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) Organization of American States (OAS) (observer) Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) (partner) Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) United Nations (UN) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS) World Health Organization (WHO) World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Universal Postal Union (UPU) World Confederation of Labour (WCL) World Customs Organization (WCO) World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Trade Organization (WTO)
Law and order in Thailand
Constitution of Thailand Crime in Thailand Human trafficking in Thailand Human rights in Thailand Censorship in Thailand Internet censorship in Thailand LGBT rights in Thailand Freedom of religion in Thailand Law enforcement in Thailand South Thailand insurgency
Military of Thailand
Command Commander-in-chief: Ministry of Defence of Thailand Forces Army of Thailand (more pictures) Navy of Thailand Marine Corps of Thailand Royal Thai Navy SEALs Air Force of Thailand Special forces of Thailand Military history of Thailand Military ranks of Thailand
History of Thailand
Peopling of Thailand
By period Prehistoric Thailand Early history of Thailand Initial states of Thailand (3 BCE-1238) Suvarnabhumi Dvaravati Lavo Haripuñjaya Singhanavati Pan Pan Raktamaritika Langkasuka Srivijaya Tambralinga Sukhothai Kingdom (1238–1448) Ayutthaya Kingdom (1351–1767) Thonburi Kingdom (1768–1782) Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932) Kingdom of Thailand History of Thailand (1932–1973) History of Thailand (1973–2001) History of Thailand (2001–present)
By region
Haripuñjaya Isan Lan Na Nakhon Si Thammarat Phitsanulok
By field Economic history of Thailand Military history of Thailand Japanese Invasion of Thailand United States Air Force in Thailand
Culture of Thailand
Architecture of Thailand Tallest structures in Thailand Traditional Thai house Thai cuisine Diving in Thailand Diving sites in Ko Tao Etiquette in Thailand Festivals in Thailand Languages of Thailand Thai script Mass media in Thailand Museums in Thailand National symbols of Thailand Emblem of Thailand Flag of Thailand Thai National Anthem Thai people Ethnic groups in Thailand Indians in Thailand Thai names Traditional Thai clothing