Chrysallida is a speciose genus of minute sea snails, pyramidellid gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Pyramidellidae within the tribe Chrysallidini.Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180-213Spencer, H.; Marshall. B. (2009). All Mollusca except Opisthobranchia. In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp
Taxonomy The genus Folinella had two preoccupied names - Amoura De Folin, 1873 not J.E. Gray 1847, and Funicularia Monterosato, 1884 not Forbes, 1845.
The genus Chrysallida Carpenter, 1856 has been used as a catchall, particularly in the European literature following a lead by Winckworth (1932), for most pyramidellids having both axial and spiral sculpture but having otherwise little in common with the Californian type species C. communis (C. B. Adams, 1852). A statement that this is incorrect was voiced by van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud (2000: 21) who nevertheless still used Chrysallida as the genus to include many Eastern Atlantic species, distributed into several subgenera. Micali, Nofroni & Perna (2012) restored usage of Parthenina Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883 for several species formerly placed in Chrysallida. This move was continued by Høisæter (2014), Peñas, Rolán & Swinnen (2014) and Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. (2014) who are here followed, but there are still many species remaining unduly under Chrysallida. For these, we have refrained from making new combinations not backed by (or implicit from) a published source. Nevertheless, all the species that were already "accepted" under a subgenus, now raised to full genus, have been marked as "accepted" under that full genus.
Distribution Species within the genus Chrysallida are commonly distributed in all oceans from the tropics to the polar regions, the Arctic and the Antarctic. It is mainly known from coastal areas, and is uncommon in deep elevations such as trenches in the sea.
The members of Chrysallida are ectoparasites on serpulid polychaetes.
Species There are multiple species within the genus Chrysallida, these include the following in alphabetical order:
Chrysallida affinis (Laseron, 1959) Chrysallida africana van Aartsen & Corgan, 1996 Chrysallida angusta Carpenter, 1864 Chrysallida annobonensis Peñas & Rolán, 2002 Chrysallida asiatica Corgan, 1970 Chrysallida australis Thiele, 1930 Chrysallida bellula A. Adams, 1860 Chrysallida bjoernssoni Warén, 1991 Chrysallida boucheti Peñas & Rolán, 1999 Chrysallida caelatura (Laseron, 1951) Chrysallida canariensis Nordsieck & Talavera, 1979 Chrysallida cancellata (d'Orbigny, 1841) † Chrysallida cantaurana Landau & LaFollette, 2015 Chrysallida carpinei van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000 Chrysallida castleraghensis Saurin, 1959 Chrysallida chetelati Saurin, 1962 Chrysallida communis (C.B. Adams, 1852) Chrysallida conifera Pimenta, 2012 Chrysallida connexa (Dautzenberg, 1912) Chrysallida costellata A. Adams, 1861 Chrysallida culaoniana Saurin, 1959 † Chrysallida curvicostata (Grant-Mackie & Chapman-Smith, 1971) Chrysallida declivata (Laseron, 1959) Chrysallida decorata (Philippi, 1849) Chrysallida dux (Dall & Bartsch, 1906) † Chrysallida eocenica (Laws, 1941) Chrysallida epitonoides van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 2000 Chrysallida erucella A. Adams, 1863 Chrysallida eugeniae Peñas & Rolán, 1998 Chrysallida fenestrata (Jeffreys, 1848) Chrysallida foveata Robba, Di Geronimo, Chaimanee, Negri & Sanfilippo, 2004 Chrysallida foveolata (A. Adams, 1860) Chrysallida galbula A. Adams, 1863 Chrysallida gemmulosa (C. B. Adams, 1850) Chrysallida genouillyi Saurin, 1962 Chrysallida gitzelsi van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000 Chrysallida gubbiolii Peñas & Rolán, 1998 Chrysallida gunnamatta (Laseron, 1951) Chrysallida herosae Peñas & Rolán, 1998 Chrysallida hoeisaeteri Warén, 1991 Chrysallida hoenselaari van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000 Chrysallida honnorati Saurin, 1959 Chrysallida horii van Aartsen, gittenberger & Goud, 2000 Chrysallida impercepta Schander, 1994 Chrysallida indistincta (Henn & Brazier, 1894) Chrysallida innocua Corgan, 1970 Chrysallida insularis (Oliver, 1915) Chrysallida intorta Hoffman & Freiwald, 2017 Chrysallida intumescens Schander, 1994 Chrysallida kesteveni (Hedley, 1907) Chrysallida kymatodes (Watson, 1886) Chrysallida leoni Fernández-Garcés, Peñas & Rolán, 2011 Chrysallida littoralis (A. Adams, 1861) Chrysallida lucida (Laseron, 1950) Chrysallida maoria (Powell, 1940) Chrysallida mayii (Tate, 1898) Chrysallida mcmillanae van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000 Chrysallida medialuna Faber, 2008 Chrysallida megembryon Saurin, 1958 Chrysallida menkhorsti van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 2000 Chrysallida metula A. Adams, 1860 Chrysallida minna A. Adams, 1860 Chrysallida minutissima (Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1906) Chrysallida mirationis (Laseron, 1959) Chrysallida multicostata (Laseron, 1959) Chrysallida multituberculata (Castellanos, 1982) Chrysallida munda A. Adams, 1860 Chrysallida nana (A. Adams, 1861) Chrysallida navisa (Dall & Bartsch, 1907) Chrysallida nioba (Dall & Bartsch, 1911) Chrysallida ovalis Thiele, 1930 Chrysallida pelorcei Peñas & Rolán, 1998 Chrysallida phanthietina Saurin, 1958 Chrysallida projectura (Laseron, 1959) Chrysallida pura (Saurin, 1962) Chrysallida pusio A. Adams, 1861 Chrysallida pygmaea A. Adams, 1861 Chrysallida pyrgulina Peñas & Rolán, 1998 Chrysallida ryalli Peñas & Rolán, 2002 Chrysallida saurini Robba, Di Geronimo, Chaimanee, Negri & Sanfilippo, 2004 Chrysallida seamounti Peñas & Rolán, 1999 Chrysallida semiplicata A. Adams, 1860 Chrysallida semipunctata Nomura, 1937 Chrysallida sibana (Yokoyama, 1927) Chrysallida simulans (Chaster, 1898) (taxon inquirendum) Chrysallida sixtoi Peñas & Rolán, 1998 Chrysallida spiralis (Laseron, 1959) Chrysallida stefanisi (Jeffreys, 1869) Chrysallida stupa Hori & Fukuda, 1999 Chrysallida sublustris (Friele, 1886) Chrysallida subtantilla Golikov in Golikov & Scarlato, 1967 Chrysallida terebra A. Adams, 1861 Chrysallida thetisae Espinosa & Ortea, 2011 Chrysallida trachis (Dall & Bartsch, 1909) Chrysallida tribulationis (Hedley, 1909) Chrysallida trifuniculata (Saurin, 1962) Chrysallida turbonillaeformis van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000 Chrysallida typica (Laseron, 1959) Chrysallida vanbruggeni van Aartsen & Corgan, 1996 Chrysallida verdensis Peñas & Rolán, 1998 Chrysallida vignali (Lamy, 1910) Chrysallida vincentina (Tryon, 1886) Chrysallida vincula (Laseron, 1951) Chrysallida zea (Hedley, 1902) † Chrysallida zecarinata Laws, 1948
Synonyms The following species were brought into synonymy
Chrysallida alleryi (Kobelt, 1903): synonym of Parthenina monterosatii (Clessin, 1900) Chrysallida angulosa (Monterosato, 1889): synonym of Parthenina angulosa (Monterosato, 1889) Chrysallida anselmoi Peñas & Rolán, 1998: synonym of Parthenina anselmoi (Peñas & Rolán, 1998) Chrysallida antimaiae Schander, 1994: synonym of Parthenina obesa (Dautzenberg, 1912) Chrysallida approximans (Dautzenberg, 1912): synonym of Kongsrudia approximans (Dautzenberg, 1912) Chrysallida brattstroemi Warén, 1991: synonym of Parthenina brattstroemi (Warén, 1991) Chrysallida brevicula (Jeffreys, 1883): synonym of Turbonilla amoena (Monterosato, 1878) Chrysallida brusinai (Cossmann, 1921): synonym of Spiralinella incerta (Milaschewitsch, 1916) Chrysallida buijsei De Jong & Coomans, 1988: synonym of Fargoa bushiana (Bartsch, 1909) Chrysallida casta A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Pyrgulina casta (A. Adams, 1861) Chrysallida clathrata (Jeffreys, 1848): synonym of Parthenina clathrata (Jeffreys, 1848) Chrysallida columna: synonym of Pyrgulina columna (Laseron, 1959) Chrysallida colungiana F. Nordsieck, 1972: synonym of Parthenina dollfusi (Kobelt, 1903) Chrysallida consobrina A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Pyrgulina consobrina (A. Adams, 1861) Chrysallida convexa (Carpenter, 1857): synonym of Besla convexa (Carpenter, 1857) Chrysallida dantarti Peñas & Rolán, 2008: synonym of Parthenina dantarti (Peñas & Rolán, 2008) Chrysallida decussata (Montagu, 1803): synonym of Parthenina decussata (Montagu, 1803) Chrysallida dekkeri van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 2000: synonym of Parthenina dekkeri (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000) Chrysallida dimidiata Schander, 1994: synonym of Pyrgulina dimidiata (Schander, 1994) Chrysallida doliolum (Philippi, 1844): synonym of Odostomella doliolum (Philippi, 1844) Chrysallida dollfusi (Kobelt, 1903): synonym of Parthenina dollfusi (Kobelt, 1903) Chrysallida elegans (de Folin, 1870): synonym of Liamorpha elegans (de Folin, 1870) Chrysallida emaciata (Brusina, 1866): synonym of Parthenina emaciata (Brusina, 1866) Chrysallida ersei Schander, 1994: synonym of Kongsrudia ersei (Schander, 1994) Chrysallida excavata (Philippi, 1836): synonym of Folinella excavata (Phillippi, 1836) Chrysallida eximia (Jeffreys, 1849): synonym of Parthenina eximia (Jeffreys, 1849) Chrysallida faberi van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of Parthenina faberi (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000) Chrysallida falcifera (Watson, 1881): synonym of Tragula falcifera (Watson, 1881) Chrysallida farolita F. Nordsieck, 1972: synonym of Parthenina interstincta (Adams J., 1797) Chrysallida feldi van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of Parthenina feldi (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000) Chrysallida fenestrata (Jeffreys, 1848): synonym of Tragula fenestrata (Jeffreys, 1848) Chrysallida fischeri (Hornung & Mermod, 1925): synonym of Pyrgulina fischeri Hornung & Mermod, 1925 Chrysallida flexuosa (Monterosato, 1874): synonym of Parthenina flexuosa (Monterosato, 1874) Chrysallida gabmulderi van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of Parthenina gabmulderi (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000) Chrysallida ghisottii (van Aartsen, 1984): synonym of Folinella ghisottii van Aartsen, 1984 Chrysallida gruveli (Dautzenberg, 1910): synonym of Kongsrudia gruveli (Dautzenberg, 1910) Chrysallida humilis (Preston, 1905): synonym of Quirella humilis (Preston, 1905) Chrysallida incerta (Milaschewitsch, 1916): synonym of Spiralinella incerta (Milaschewich, 1916) Chrysallida inconspicua A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Chrysallida innocua Corgan, 1970 Chrysallida indistincta (Montagu, 1808): synonym of Parthenina indistincta (Montagu, 1808) Chrysallida intermixta (Monterosato, 1884): synonym of Parthenina monozona (Brusina, 1869) Chrysallida interspatiosa van der Linden & Eikenboom, 1992: synonym of Parthenina flexuosa (Monterosato, 1874) Chrysallida interstincta (Adams J., 1797): synonym of Parthenina interstincta (J. Adams, 1797) Chrysallida jadisi (Olsson & McGinty, 1958): synonym of Boonea jadisi (Olsson & McGinty, 1958) Chrysallida jeffreysiana (Monterosato, 1884): synonym of Trabecula jeffreysiana Monterosato, 1884 Chrysallida jordii Peñas & Rolán, 1998: synonym of Folinella moolenbeeki van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 1998 Chrysallida josae van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of Parthenina josae (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000) Chrysallida juliae (de Folin, 1872): synonym of Parthenina juliae (de Folin, 1872) Chrysallida jullieni (Dautzenberg, 1912): synonym of Pyrgulina jullieni Dautzenberg, 1912 Chrysallida kempermani van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 2000: synonym of Pyrgulina kempermani (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000) Chrysallida kronenbergi van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of Trabecula kronenbergi (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000) Chrysallida lacourti F. Nordsieck, 1972: synonym of Spiralinella spiralis (Dillwyn, 1817)