The 102nd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1991, to January 3, 1993, during the last two years of George H. W. Bush's presidency. This is the most recent Congress where Republicans held a Senate seat from California.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1980 United States census. Both chambers maintained a Democratic majority.
Major events
January 17, 1991 – February 28, 1991: Persian Gulf War May 16, 1991: Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom addresses a Joint Meeting of Congress October 15, 1991: Confirmation of Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination at the Senate December 26, 1991: End of Cold War April 29 – May 3, 1992: 1992 Los Angeles riots November 3, 1992: Election of Bill Clinton as President of the United States
Major legislation
January 14, 1991: Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 1991, , February 6, 1991: Agent Orange Act of 1991, , November 21, 1991: Civil Rights Act of 1991, , December 9, 1991: High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991, December 12, 1991: Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991, , December 18, 1991: Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act, , December 19, 1991: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991, , June 26, 1992: Copyright Renewal Act of 1992, , October 9, 1992: Chinese Student Protection Act of 1992, , October 23, 1992: Former Soviet Union Demilitarization Act of 1992 , October 23, 1992: Weapons of Mass Destruction Control Act, (div. A, title XV), October 24, 1992: Soviet Scientists Immigration Act of 1992, , October 24, 1992: Freedom Support Act, , October 24, 1992: Energy Policy Act of 1992, , October 26, 1992: President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act of 1992, , October 28, 1992: Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act, , October 28, 1992: Audio Home Recording Act, , October 28, 1992: Land Remote Sensing Policy Act, , October 29, 1992: Weather Service Modernization Act of 1992, , November 2, 1992: High Seas Driftnet Fisheries Enforcement Act of 1992, , November 4, 1992: Abandoned Barge Act of 1992, ,
Constitutional amendments May 20, 1992: The House and the Senate each pass a concurrent resolution agreeing that the Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution was validly ratified, despite the unorthodox period of more than 202 years for the completion of the task.
Party summary
Senate
House of Representatives Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) Total Democratic Independent Republican Vacant End of the previous Congress 259 0 174 433 2 Begin 267 1 167 435 0 End 166 434 1 Final voting share 61.8% 38.2% Beginning of the next Congress 258 1 176 435 0
Leadership
Senate President: Dan Quayle (R) President pro tempore: Robert Byrd (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership Majority Leader: George Mitchell Majority Whip: Wendell Ford Policy Committee Co-Chair: Harry Reid Democratic Caucus Secretary: David Pryor Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Chuck Robb Chief Deputy Whip: Alan J. Dixon
Minority (Republican) leadership Minority Leader: Bob Dole Minority Whip: Alan Simpson Republican Conference Chairman: Thad Cochran Republican Conference Secretary: Bob Kasten National Senatorial Committee Chair: Phil Gramm Policy Committee Chairman: Don Nickles
House of Representatives Speaker: Tom Foley (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership Majority Leader: Dick Gephardt Majority Whip: William H. Gray III, until September 11, 1991 David Bonior, from September 11, 1991 Chief Deputy Majority Whips: Barbara Kennelly, Butler Derrick, & John Lewis Democratic Caucus Chairman: Steny Hoyer Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman: Vic Fazio
Minority (Republican) leadership Minority Leader: Robert H. Michel Minority Whip: Newt Gingrich Chief Deputy Whip: Robert Smith Walker Republican Conference Chairman: Jerry Lewis Republican Conference Vice-Chairman: Bill McCollum Republican Conference Secretary: Vin Weber Policy Committee Chairman: Mickey Edwards Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Guy Vander Jagt
Caucuses Armenian Caucus Biomedical Research Caucus Congressional Arts Caucus Congressional Automotive Caucus Congressional Black Caucus Congressional Fire Services Caucus Congressional Friends of Ireland Caucus Congressional Hispanic Caucus Congressional Pediatric & Adult Hydrocephalus Caucus Congressional Progressive Caucus Congressional Travel & Tourism Caucus Congressional Western Caucus Congresswomen's Caucus House Democratic Caucus Senate Democratic Caucus
Members This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress, In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1992; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1994; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1996.
Alabama 2. Howell Heflin (D) 3. Richard Shelby (D)
Alaska 2. Ted Stevens (R) 3. Frank Murkowski (R)
Arizona 1. Dennis DeConcini (D) 3. John McCain (R)
Arkansas 3. Dale Bumpers (D) 2. David Pryor (D)
California 1. Pete Wilson (R), until January 7, 1991 John Seymour (R), from January 7, 1991, until November 4, 1992 Dianne Feinstein (D), from November 4, 1992 3. Alan Cranston (D)
Colorado 2. Hank Brown (R) 3. Tim Wirth (D)
Connecticut 1. Joe Lieberman (D) 3. Chris Dodd (D)
Delaware 1. William Roth (R) 2. Joe Biden (D)
Florida 1. Connie Mack III (R) 3. Bob Graham (D)
Georgia 2. Sam Nunn (D) 3. Wyche Fowler (D)
Hawaii 1. Daniel Akaka (D) 3. Daniel Inouye (D)
Idaho 2. Larry Craig (R) 3. Steve Symms (R)
Illinois 2. Paul Simon (D) 3. Alan J. Dixon (D)
Indiana 1. Richard Lugar (R) 3. Dan Coats (R)
Iowa 2. Tom Harkin (D) 3. Chuck Grassley (R)
Kansas 2. Nancy Kassebaum (R) 3. Bob Dole (R)
Kentucky 2. Mitch McConnell (R) 3. Wendell Ford (D)
Louisiana 2. J. Bennett Johnston (D) 3. John Breaux (D)
Maine 1. George J. Mitchell (D) 2. William Cohen (R)
Maryland 1. Paul Sarbanes (D) 3. Barbara Mikulski (D)
Massachusetts 1. Ted Kennedy (D) 2. John Kerry (D)
Michigan 1. Donald Riegle (D) 2. Carl Levin (D)
Minnesota 1. David Durenberger (I-R) 2. Paul Wellstone (DFL)
Mississippi 1. Trent Lott (R) 2. Thad Cochran (R)
Missouri 1. John Danforth (R) 3. Kit Bond (R)
Montana 1. Conrad Burns (R) 2. Max Baucus (D)
Nebraska 1. Bob Kerrey (D) 2. Jim Exon (D)
Nevada 1. Richard Bryan (D) 3. Harry Reid (D)
New Hampshire 2. Bob Smith (R) 3. Warren Rudman (R)
New Jersey 1. Frank Lautenberg (D) 2. Bill Bradley (D)
New Mexico 1. Jeff Bingaman (D) 2. Pete Domenici (R)
New York 1. Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D) 3. Al D'Amato (R)
North Carolina 2. Jesse Helms (R) 3. Terry Sanford (D)
North Dakota 1. Quentin Burdick (D-NPL), until September 8, 1992 Jocelyn Burdick (D-NPL), from September 12, 1992, until December 14, 1992 Kent Conrad (D-NPL), from December 14, 1992 3. Kent Conrad (D-NPL), until December 14, 1992 Byron Dorgan (D-NPL), from December 15, 1992
Ohio 1. Howard Metzenbaum (D) 3. John Glenn (D)
Oklahoma 2. David Boren (D) 3. Don Nickles (R)
Oregon 2. Mark Hatfield (R) 3. Bob Packwood (R)
Pennsylvania 1. John Heinz (R), until April 4, 1991 Harris Wofford (D), from May 9, 1991 3. Arlen Specter (R)
Rhode Island 1. John Chafee (R) 2. Claiborne Pell (D)
South Carolina 2. Strom Thurmond (R) 3. Fritz Hollings (D)
South Dakota 2. Larry Pressler (R) 3. Tom Daschle (D)
Tennessee 1. Jim Sasser (D) 2. Al Gore (D), until January 2, 1993 Harlan Mathews (D), from January 2, 1993
Texas 1. Lloyd Bentsen (D) 2. Phil Gramm (R)
Utah 1. Orrin Hatch (R) 3. Jake Garn (R)
Vermont 1. Jim Jeffords (R) 3. Patrick Leahy (D)
Virginia 1. Chuck Robb (D) 2. John Warner (R)
Washington 1. Slade Gorton (R) 3. Brock Adams (D)
West Virginia 1. Robert Byrd (D) 2. Jay Rockefeller (D)
Wisconsin 1. Herb Kohl (D) 3. Bob Kasten (R)
Wyoming 1. Malcolm Wallop (R) 2. Alan Simpson (R)
House of Representatives
Alabama (5-2 Democratic) . Sonny Callahan (R) . William L. Dickinson (R) . Glen Browder (D) . Tom Bevill (D) . Bud Cramer (D) . Ben Erdreich (D) . Claude Harris Jr. (D)
Alaska (1 Republican) Don Young (R)
Arizona (4-1 Republican) . Jay Rhodes (R) . Mo Udall (D), until May 4, 1991 (resigned due to illness) Ed Pastor (D), from September 24, 1991 . Bob Stump (R) . Jon Kyl (R) . Jim Kolbe (R)
Arkansas (3-1 Democratic) . Bill Alexander (D) . Ray Thornton (D) . John Paul Hammerschmidt (R) . Beryl Anthony Jr. (D)
California (26-19 Democratic) . Frank Riggs (R) . Wally Herger (R) . Bob Matsui (D) . Vic Fazio (D) . Nancy Pelosi (D) . Barbara Boxer (D) . George Miller (D) . Ron Dellums (D) . Pete Stark (D) . Don Edwards (D) . Tom Lantos (D) . Tom Campbell (R) . Norman Mineta (D) . John Doolittle (R) . Gary Condit (D) . Leon Panetta (D) . Cal Dooley (D) . Richard H. Lehman (D) . Robert Lagomarsino (R) . Bill Thomas (R) . Elton Gallegly (R) . Carlos Moorhead (R) . Anthony Beilenson (D) . Henry Waxman (D) . Edward R. Roybal (D) . Howard Berman (D) . Mel Levine (D) . Julian Dixon (D) . Maxine Waters (D) . Matthew G. Martínez (D) . Mervyn Dymally (D) . Glenn M. Anderson (D) . David Dreier (R) . Esteban Torres (D) . Jerry Lewis (R) . George Brown Jr. (D) . Al McCandless (R) . Bob Dornan (R) . William Dannemeyer (R) . Christopher Cox (R) . Bill Lowery (R) . Dana Rohrabacher (R) . Ron Packard (R) . Duke Cunningham (R) . Duncan L. Hunter (R)
Colorado (3-3 split) . Pat Schroeder (D) . David Skaggs (D) . Ben Nighthorse Campbell (D) . Wayne Allard (R) . Joel Hefley (R) . Dan Schaefer (R)
Connecticut (3-3 split) . Barbara B. Kennelly (D) . Sam Gejdenson (D) . Rosa DeLauro (D) . Chris Shays (R) . Gary Franks (R) . Nancy Johnson (R)
Delaware (1 Democrat) Tom Carper (D)
Florida (10-9 Republican) . Earl Hutto (D) . Pete Peterson (D) . Charles E. Bennett (D) . Craig James (R) . Bill McCollum (R) . Cliff Stearns (R) . Sam Gibbons (D) . Bill Young (R) . Michael Bilirakis (R) . Andy Ireland (R) . Jim Bacchus (D) . Tom Lewis (R) . Porter Goss (R) . Harry Johnston (D) . Clay Shaw (R) . Lawrence J. Smith (D) . William Lehman (D) . Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R) . Dante Fascell (D)
Georgia (9-1 Democratic) . Lindsay Thomas (D) . Charles Hatcher (D) . Richard Ray (D) . Ben Jones (D) . John Lewis (D) . Newt Gingrich (R) . Buddy Darden (D) . J. Roy Rowland (D) . Ed Jenkins (D) . Doug Barnard Jr. (D)
Hawaii (2 Democrats) . Neil Abercrombie (D) . Patsy Mink (D)
Idaho (2 Democrats) . Larry LaRocco (D) . Richard H. Stallings (D)
Illinois (15-7 Democratic) . Charles Hayes (D) . Gus Savage (D) . Marty Russo (D) . George Sangmeister (D) . Bill Lipinski (D) . Henry Hyde (R) . Cardiss Collins (D) . Dan Rostenkowski (D) . Sidney R. Yates (D) . John Porter (R) . Frank Annunzio (D) . Phil Crane (R) . Harris Fawell (R) . Dennis Hastert (R) . Ed Madigan (R), until March 8, 1991 Tom Ewing (R), from July 2, 1991 . John W. Cox Jr. (D) . Lane Evans (D) . Robert H. Michel (R) . Terry L. Bruce (D) . Dick Durbin (D) . Jerry Costello (D) . Glenn Poshard (D)
Indiana (8-2 Democratic) . Pete Visclosky (D) . Philip Sharp (D) . Tim Roemer (D) . Jill L. Long (D) . Jim Jontz (D) . Dan Burton (R)