Events Pre-1600 1206 – Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. 1600 – The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden: five Swedish noblemen are publicly beheaded in the aftermath of the War against Sigismund (1598–1599).
1601–1900 1602 – The Dutch East India Company is established. 1616 – Sir Walter Raleigh is freed from the Tower of London after 13 years of imprisonment. 1760 – The Great Boston Fire of 1760 destroys 349 buildings. 1815 – After escaping from Elba, Napoleon enters Paris with a regular army of 140,000 and a volunteer force of around 200,000, beginning his "Hundred Days" rule. 1848 – German revolutions of 1848–49: King Ludwig I of Bavaria abdicates. 1852 – Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is published. 1854 – The Republican Party of the United States is organized in Ripon, Wisconsin, US. 1861 – An earthquake destroys Mendoza, Argentina. 1883 – The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property is signed. 1888 – The premiere of the very first Romani language operetta is staged in Moscow, Russia. 1890 – Chancellor of the German Empire Otto von Bismarck is dismissed by Emperor Wilhelm II. 1896 – With the approval of Emperor Guangxu, the Qing dynasty post office is opened, marking the beginning of a postal service in China.
1901–present 1903 – The first of a series of auctions of sheep farming land in southern Patagonia takes place impacting established settlers. 1913 – Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese Nationalist Party, is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days later. 1914 – In the Curragh incident, over 100 British Army officers threaten to resign if ordered to march against the Ulster Volunteers. 1916 – Albert Einstein submits his paper, "The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity", which establishes his general theory of relativity, to the journal Annalen der Physik. 1921 – The Upper Silesia plebiscite, mandated by the Versailles Treaty to determine a section of the border between Weimar Germany and Poland, is held. 1922 – The is commissioned as the first United States Navy aircraft carrier. 1923 – The Arts Club of Chicago hosts the opening of Pablo Picasso's first United States showing, entitled Original Drawings by Pablo Picasso, becoming an early proponent of modern art in the United States. 1926 – Chiang Kai-shek initiates a purge of communist elements within the National Revolutionary Army in Guangzhou. 1933 – Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler orders the creation of Dachau concentration camp as Chief of Police of Munich and appoints Theodor Eicke as the camp commandant. 1942 – World War II: General Douglas MacArthur, at Terowie, South Australia, makes his famous speech regarding the fall of the Philippines, in which he says: "I came out of Bataan and I shall return". 1948 – With a Musicians Union ban lifted, the first telecasts of classical music in the United States, under Eugene Ormandy and Arturo Toscanini, are given on CBS and NBC. 1951 – Fujiyoshida, a city located in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, in the center of the Japanese main island of Honshū is founded. 1952 – The US Senate ratifies the Security Treaty between the United States and Japan. 1956 – Tunisia gains independence from France. 1964 – The precursor of the European Space Agency, ESRO (European Space Research Organisation) is established per an agreement signed on June 14, 1962. 1969 – A United Arab Airlines (now Egyptair) Ilyushin Il-18 crashes at Aswan International Airport, killing 100 people. 1972 – The Troubles: The first car bombing by the Provisional IRA in Belfast kills seven people and injures 148 others in Northern Ireland. 1985 – Libby Riddles becomes the first woman to win the 1,135-mile Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race. 1987 – The Food and Drug Administration approves the anti-AIDS drug, AZT. 1988 – Eritrean War of Independence: Having defeated the Nadew Command, the Eritrean People's Liberation Front enters the town of Afabet, victoriously concluding the Battle of Afabet. 1990 – Ferdinand Marcos's widow, Imelda Marcos, goes on trial for bribery, embezzlement, and racketeering. 1993 – The Troubles: A Provisional IRA bomb kills two children in Warrington, England. It leads to mass protests in both Britain and Ireland. 1995 – The Japanese cult Aum Shinrikyo carries out a sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway, killing 14 and wounding over 6,200 people. 1999 – Legoland California, the first Legoland outside of Europe, opens in Carlsbad, California, US. 2000 – Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin, a former Black Panther once known as H. Rap Brown, is captured after murdering Georgia sheriff's deputy Ricky Kinchen and critically wounding Deputy Aldranon English. 2003 – Iraq War: The United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Poland begin an invasion of Iraq. 2006 – Over 150 Chadian soldiers are killed in eastern Chad by members of the rebel UFDC. The rebel movement sought to overthrow Chadian president Idriss Déby. 2010 – Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland begins eruptions that would last for three months, heavily disrupting air travel in Europe. 2012 – At least 52 people are killed and more than 250 injured in a wave of terror attacks across ten cities in Iraq. 2014 – Four suspected Taliban members attack the Kabul Serena Hotel, killing at least nine people. 2015 – A solar eclipse, equinox, and a supermoon all occur on the same day. 2015 – Syrian civil war: The Siege of Kobanî is broken by the People's Protection Units (YPG) and Free Syrian Army (FSA), marking a turning point in the Rojava–Islamist conflict. 2019 – Kassym-Jomart Tokayev is sworn in as acting president of Kazakhstan, following the resignation of long-time president Nursultan Nazarbayev. 2021 – La Plume noire, an anarchist bookstore in Lyon, is targeted by an attack of the far-right, provoking a shock in Lyon's far-left circles.
Births Pre-1600 43 BC – Ovid, Roman poet (died 17) 1253 – Magadu, renamed Wareru, founder of Ramanya Kingdom, renamed Hanthawady Kingdom of Pegu (died 1307) 1319 – Laurence Hastings, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1348) 1469 – Cecily of York (died 1507) 1477 – Jerome Emser, German theologian and scholar (died 1527) 1479 – Ippolito d'Este, Italian cardinal (died 1520) 1502 – Pierino Belli, Italian soldier and jurist (died 1575) 1532 – Juan de Ribera, Roman Catholic archbishop (died 1611)
1601–1900 1612 – Anne Bradstreet, Puritan American poet (died 1672) 1615 – Dara Shikoh, Indian prince (died 1659) 1639 – Ivan Mazepa, Ukrainian diplomat, Hetman of Ukraine (died 1709) 1680 – Emanuele d'Astorga, Italian composer (died 1736)Hans Volkmann, Emanuele d'Astorga, Leipzig 1911, p. 44 1725 – Abdul Hamid I, Ottoman sultan (died 1789) 1737 – Rama I, Thai king (died 1809) 1771 – Heinrich Clauren, German author (died 1854) 1796 – Edward Gibbon Wakefield, English politician (died 1862) 1799 – Karl August Nicander, Swedish poet and author (died 1839) 1800 – Braulio Carrillo Colina, Costa Rican lawyer and politician, President of Costa Rica (died 1845) 1805 – Thomas Cooper, British poet (died 1892) 1811 – Napoleon II, French emperor (died 1832) 1811 – George Caleb Bingham, American painter and politician, State Treasurer of Missouri (died 1879) 1821 – Ned Buntline, American journalist, author, and publisher (died 1886) 1824 – Theodor von Heuglin, German explorer and ornithologist (died 1876) 1828 – Henrik Ibsen, Norwegian poet, playwright, and director (died 1906) 1831 – Patrick Jennings, Northern Irish-Australian politician, 11th Premier of New South Wales (died 1897) 1831 – Solomon L. Spink, American lawyer and politician (died 1881) 1834 – Charles William Eliot, American mathematician and academic (died 1926) 1836 – Ferris Jacobs, Jr., American general, lawyer, and politician (died 1886) 1836 – Edward Poynter, English painter, illustrator, and curator (died 1919) 1840 – Illarion Pryanishnikov, Russian painter (died 1894) 1843 – Ambrosio Flores, Filipino politician (died 1912) 1851 – Ismail Gasprinski, Crimean Tatar educator, publisher, and politician (died 1914) 1856 – John Lavery, Irish painter (died 1941) 1856 – Frederick Winslow Taylor, American tennis player and engineer (died 1915) 1865 – Mike Griffin, American baseball player (died 1908) 1870 – Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, German general (died 1964) 1871 – Joe McGinnity, American baseball player 1874 – Börries von Münchhausen, German poet and activist (died 1945) 1876 – Payne Whitney, American businessman and philanthropist (died 1927) 1879 – Maud Menten, Canadian physician and biochemist (died 1960) 1882 – René Coty, French lawyer and politician, 17th President of France (died 1962) 1882 – Harold Weber, American golfer (died 1933) 1884 – Philipp Frank, Austrian-American physicist, mathematician, and philosopher (died 1966) 1884 – John Jensen, Australian public servant (died 1970) 1885 – Vernon Ransford, Australian cricketer (died 1958) 1888 – Amanda Clement, American baseball player, umpire, and educator (died 1971) 1890 – Lauritz Melchior, Danish-American tenor and actor (died 1973) 1894 – Amalie Sara Colquhoun, Australian landscape and portrait painter (died 1974) 1895 – Fredric Wertham, German-American psychologist and author (died 1981) 1897 – Frank Sheed, Australian-British Catholic writer and apologist (died 1981) 1898 – Eduard Wiiralt, Estonian artist (died 1954) 1899 – Vladimír Mandl, Czechoslovak lawyer (died 1941) 1900 – Amelia Chopitea Villa, Bolivia's first female physician (died 1942)
1901–present 1903 – Edgar Buchanan, American actor (died 1979) 1904 – B. F. Skinner, American psychologist and author (died 1990) 1905 – Jean Galia, French rugby player and boxer (died 1949) 1906 – Abraham Beame, American accountant and politician, 105th Mayor of New York City (died 2001) 1906 – Ozzie Nelson, American actor and bandleader (died 1975) 1907 – Hugh MacLennan, Canadian author and educator (died 1990) 1908 – Michael Redgrave, English actor (died 1985) 1909 – Elisabeth Geleerd, Dutch-American psychoanalyst (died 1969) 1910 – Erwin Blask, German hammer thrower (died 1999) 1911 – Alfonso García Robles, Mexican lawyer and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1991) 1912 – Ralph Hauenstein, American businessman and philanthropist (died 2016) 1913 – Nikolai Stepulov, Russian-Estonian boxer (died 1968) 1914 – Wendell Corey, American actor and politician (died 1968) 1915 – Rudolf Kirchschläger, Austrian judge and politician, 8th President of Austria (died 2000) 1915 – Sviatoslav Richter, Ukrainian pianist and composer (died 1997) 1915 – Sister Rosetta Tharpe, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1973) 1915 – Stan Spence, American baseball player (died 1983) 1916 – Pierre Messmer, French lieutenant and politician, Prime Minister of France (died 2007) 1917 – Yigael Yadin, Israeli archaeologist, general, and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Israel (died 1984) 1917 – Vera Lynn, English singer and actress (died 2020) 1918 – Jack Barry, American game show host and producer, co-founded Barry & Enright Productions (died 1984) 1918 – Donald Featherstone, English soldier and author (died 2013) 1918 – Marian McPartland, English-American pianist and composer (died 2013) 1918 – Bernd Alois Zimmermann, German composer (died 1970) 1919 – Gerhard Barkhorn, German fighter ace (died 1983) 1920 – Rosemary Timperley, English author and screenwriter (died 1988) 1921 – Usmar Ismail, Indonesian filmmaker (died 1971) 1921 – Dušan Pirjevec, Slovenian historian and philosopher (died 1977) 1921 – Alfréd Rényi, Hungarian mathematician and theorist (died 1970) 1922 – Larry Elgart, American saxophonist and bandleader (died 2017) 1922 – Ray Goulding, American actor and screenwriter (died 1990) 1923 – Con Martin, Irish footballer and manager (died 2013) 1923 – Shaukat Siddiqui, Pakistani journalist, author, and activist (died 2006) 1925 – John Ehrlichman, American lawyer, 12th White House Counsel (died 1999)