Hypatima is a genus of the twirler moth family (Gelechiidae). Among these, it belongs to a distinct lineage, which is variously treated as tribe Chelariini in subfamilies Dichomeridinae (like done here), Gelechiinae, or even Pexicopiinae, and historically was considered a subfamily in its own right, Chelariinae. Of this lineage, Hypatima – under its junior synonym Chelaria – is the type genus. This genus has numerous species, but its exact limits are not quite clear (see below). This genus occurs mainly in the Southern Hemisphere, though one of the better-known species is the only member of this genus native to Europe, the lobster-clawed moth (H. rhomboidella).ABRS (2010), FE (2011)
Species Species of Hypatima include:
Hypatima acicula Park & Ponomarenko, 1999 Hypatima acris Park, 1995 Hypatima agriogramma (Meyrick, 1926) Hypatima albogrisea (Walsingham, 1881) Hypatima ammonura (Meyrick, 1921) Hypatima anguinea (Meyrick, 1913) Hypatima anthotypa (Meyrick, 1939) Hypatima antiastis (Meyrick, 1929) Hypatima antsianakella Viette, 1956 Hypatima apparitrix (Meyrick, 1921) Hypatima aridella (Walker, 1864) Hypatima arignota (Meyrick, 1916) Hypatima artochroma Diakonoff, 1954 Hypatima attenuata (Meyrick, 1920) Hypatima baliodes (Lower, 1920) Hypatima binummulata (Meyrick, 1929) Hypatima brachyrrhiza (Meyrick, 1921) Hypatima caryodora (Meyrick, 1913) Hypatima cirrhospila (Meyrick, 1920) Hypatima corynetis (Meyrick, 1913) Hypatima cryptopluta Diakonoff, 1954 Hypatima cyrtopleura (Turner, 1919) Hypatima demonstrata (Meyrick, 1920) Hypatima dermatica (Meyrick, 1921) Hypatima deviella (Walker, 1864) Hypatima discissa (Meyrick, 1916) Hypatima disetosella Park, 1995 Hypatima disposita (Meyrick, 1931) Hypatima dissidens (Meyrick, 1913) Hypatima ephippias (Meyrick, 1937) Hypatima ericta (Meyrick, 1913) Hypatima euchorda (Meyrick, 1923) Hypatima euplecta (Meyrick, 1904) Hypatima excellentella Ponomarenko, 1991 Hypatima formidolosa (Meyrick, 1916) Hypatima haligramma (Meyrick, 1926) Hypatima harpophora (Meyrick, 1921) Hypatima hora (Busck, 1914) Hypatima improba (Meyrick, 1913) Hypatima indica (Swinhoe, 1885) Hypatima instaurata (Meyrick, 1921) Hypatima iophana (Meyrick, 1913) Hypatima isopogon (Meyrick, 1929) Hypatima isoptila (Meyrick, 1913) Hypatima isotricha (Meyrick, 1921) Hypatima issikiana Park, 1995 Hypatima lactifera (Meyrick, 1913) Hypatima lecticata (Meyrick, 1926) Hypatima loxosaris (Meyrick, 1918) Hypatima mancipata (Meyrick, 1913) Hypatima mangiferae Satter, 1989 Hypatima manjakatompo Viette, 1956 Hypatima melanecta (Meyrick, 1914) Hypatima melanocharis (Meyrick, 1934) Hypatima meliptila (Meyrick, 1926) Hypatima metaphorica (Meyrick, 1921) Hypatima microgramma (Meyrick, 1920) Hypatima mycetinopa (Meyrick, 1934) Hypatima nigrogrisea Janse, 1949 Hypatima nimbigera (Meyrick, 1926) Hypatima nodifera (Meyrick, 1930) Hypatima orthomochla (Meyrick, 1932) Hypatima orthostathma (Meyrick, 1921) Hypatima ovata Park & Ponomarenko, 1999 Hypatima parichniota (Meyrick, 1938) Hypatima particulata (Meyrick, 1913) Hypatima pentagonia Park & Ponomarenko, 1999 Hypatima perinetella Viette, 1956 Hypatima phacelota (Meyrick, 1913) Hypatima pilosella (Walker, 1864) Hypatima probolaea (Meyrick, 1913) Hypatima procax (Meyrick, 1911) Hypatima rhicnota (Meyrick, 1916) Hypatima rhomboidella – lobster-clawed moth Hypatima scopulosa (Meyrick, 1913) Hypatima scotia (Turner, 1919) Hypatima silvestris (Meyrick, 1913) Hypatima simulacrella (Meyrick, 1904) Hypatima solutrix (Meyrick, 1911) Hypatima sorograpta (Meyrick, 1931) Hypatima spathota (Meyrick, 1913) Hypatima sphenophora (Meyrick, 1904) Hypatima stasimodes (Meyrick, 1931) Hypatima stenosa Park & Ponomarenko, 1999 Hypatima subdentata Diakonoff, 1954 Hypatima sublectella (Walker, 1864) Hypatima syncrypta (Meyrick, 1916) Hypatima tenebrosa (Meyrick, 1920) Hypatima tephroplintha (Meyrick, 1923) Hypatima tephroptila (Meyrick, 1931) Hypatima teramotoi Ueda, 2012 Hypatima tessulata (Meyrick, 1921) Hypatima tetraptila (Meyrick 1909) Hypatima tonsa (Meyrick, 1913) Hypatima toreuta (Turner, 1919) Hypatima trachymorpha (Meyrick, 1927) Hypatima trachyspila (Meyrick, 1933) Hypatima triannulata (Meyrick, 1911) Hypatima tricosma (Meyrick, 1933) Hypatima venefica Ponomarenko, 1991 Hypatima verticosa (Meyrick, 1913) Hypatima vinculata Pathania and Rose, 2003 Hypatima xerophanta (Meyrick, 1930) Hypatima xylotechna (Meyrick, 1932) Hypatima zesticopa (Meyrick, 1929)
Former species Hypatima austerodes (Meyrick, 1918) Hypatima conscriptella (Hübner, 1805) Hypatima praemaculata (Meyrick, 1931)
Taxonomy and systematics The genus Hypatima was established by Jacob Hübner about 1825, though some authors mistakenly credited G.A.W. Herrich-Schäffer to have done it about 1853. Herrich-Schäffer, however, only cited the genus as established by Hübner. As regards Chelaria, this has been treated as distinct genus by several authors. But this was based on the mistaken assumption that its type species, "Chelaria conscripta", was a distinct taxon. However, it is merely an unjustified name-change of Hypatima conscriptella, and hence Hypatima and Chelaria are objective synonyms.Pitkin & Jenkins (2004abc)
A group within this genus is remarkably similar to Chelophoba melaina, an enigmatic species that is generally assigned to the twirler moth subfamily Pexicopiinae, though its exact relationships therein are obscure. As remarked above, the Chelariini have occasionally been allied with the Pexicopiinae. In any case, it is not impossible that this group might be better assigned to Chelophoba.Clarke (1986), ABRS (2010)
Synonyms Due to its somewhat convoluted taxonomic history, there are many junior synonyms or otherwise invalid scientific names for Hypatima moths. Some of these might theoretically apply as subgenus names, but this is not usually done pending a thorough review of the genus. The obsolete scientific names are:Pitkin & Jenkins (2004b), ABRS (2010) Allocota Meyrick, 1904 (non Motschulsky, 1860: preoccupied) Allocotaniana Strand, 1913 Cellaria (lapsus) Chelaria Haworth, 1828 Cheleria (lapsus) Cymatomorpha Meyrick, 1904 Deuteroptila Meyrick, 1904 Episacta Turner, 1919 Hypatina (lapsus) Semodictis Meyrick, 1909 Stomylia Snellen, 1878 Tituacia Walker, 1864
Footnotes
References
(2010): Australian Faunal Directory – Hypatima. Version of 2010-NOV-18. Retrieved 2011-OCT-17. (1986): Pyralidae and Microlepidoptera of the Marquesas Archipelago. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 416: 1-485. PDF fulltext (214 MB!) (2011): Hypatima. Version 2.4, 2011-JAN-27. Retrieved 2011-OCT-17. (2004a): Butterflies and Moths of the World, Generic Names and their Type-species – Chelaria. Version of 2004-NOV-05. Retrieved 2011-OCT-17. (2004b): Butterflies and Moths of the World, Generic Names and their Type-species – Hypatima Hübner, 1825. Version of 2004-NOV-05. Retrieved 2011-OCT-17. (2004c): Butterflies and Moths of the World, Generic Names and their Type-species – Hypatima Herrich-Schäffer, 1953 [sic]. Version of 2004-NOV-05. Retrieved 2011-OCT-17.