St. Sebaldus Church (St. Sebald, Sebalduskirche) is a medieval church in Nuremberg, Germany. Along with Frauenkirche (Our Lady's Church) and St. Lorenz, it is one of the most important churches of the city, and also one of the oldest. It is located at the Albrecht-Dürer-Platz, in front of the old city hall. It takes its name from Sebaldus, an 8th-century hermit and missionary and patron saint of Nuremberg. It has been a Lutheran parish church since the Reformation.

History

The construction of the building began in 1225. the church achieved parish church status in 1255 and was completed by 1273–75. It was originally built as a Romanesque basilica with two choirs. During the 14th century several important changes to the construction were made: first the side aisles were widened and the steeples made higher (1309–1345), then the late gothic hall chancel was built (1358–1379). The two towers were added in the 15th century. In the middle 17th century galleries were added and the interior was remodelled in the Baroque fashion. The church suffered serious damage during World War II and was subsequently restored. Some of the old interior undamaged includes the Shrine of St. Sebaldus, works by Veit Stoss and the stained glass windows. In the church the famous epitaph of the Tucher family can be found.

Organ

The church had an organ by the 14th century, and another by the 15th. The main organ had been built in 1440–41 by Heinrich Traxdorf, who also built two small organs for Nuremberg's Frauenkirche. The Traxdorf organ was rebuilt in 1691. The modified case was destroyed by the Allied forces during a bombing raid on 2 January 1945.

The new 4 manual, 122 rank, 84 stop organ by Peter of Cologne was installed in 1975.

I Hauptwerk C–a3 Praestant 16′ Bordun 16′ Principal 8′ Metallflöte 8′ Spitzgambe 8′ Großnasat 51/3′ Octave 4′ Spitzflöte 4′ Schwiegel 22/3′ Octave 2′ Rohrschweizerpfeife 2′ Kornett V 8′ Hintersatz III–IV 4′ Mixtur VI–VII 2′ Trompete 16′ Trompete 8′ Trompete 4′ Glocken II Schwell-Positiv C–a3 Rohrpommer 16′ Grobgedeckt 8′ Quintadena 8′ Weidenpfeife 8′ Principal 4′ Rohrflöte 4′ Nasatquinte 22/3′ Kleinoctave 2′ Überblasender Dulcian 2′ Gemsterz 13/5′ Kleinquinte 11/3′ Sifflet 1′ Septnone II 11/7′ Scharfmixtur IV–VI 1′ Cimbel III 1/3′ Rohrkrummhorn 16′ Voix humaine 8′ Schalmei 8′ Tremulant III Schwell-Oberwerk C–a3 Nachthorngedeckt 16′ Schwellprincipal 8′ Rohrgedeckt 8′ Flaut d’amore 8′ Flaut lament (Schwebung) 8′ Octava nazarda 4′ Koppelflöte 4′ Terzflöte 31/5′ Octave 2′ Flute douce 2′ Rohrgemsquinte 11/3′ Span. Hintersatz III 4′ Sesquialtera II 22/3′ Mixtur V–VI 11/3′ Oberton II 8/11′ Fagott 16′ Trompete harmonique 8′ Clairon 4′ Tremulant Xylophon Pedalwerk C–f1 Principalbass 32′ Principalbass 16′ Subbass 16′ Gedecktbass 16′ Salizetbass 16′ Octavbass 8′ Bassflöte 8′ Octave 4′ Gemshorn 4′ Doppelrohrflöte 2′ Bauernflöte 1′ Rauschzink IV 51/3′ Mixtur IV 22/3′ Bombarde 32′ Posaunenbass 16′ Trompetenbass 8′ Bärpfeife 8′ Feldtrompete 4′ Tremulant (IV) Chororgel C–a3 Gedeckt 8′ Engl. Gambe 8′ Principal 4′ Rohrtraverse 4′ Octave 2′ Quinte 22/3′ Mixtur III–IV 1′ Musette 8′ Tremulant Pedal (Chororgel) C–f1 Pommer 16′ Bassflöte 8′ Choralbass II 4′ Couplers: II/I, III/I, III/II, IV/I, IV/II, IV/III, I/P, II/P, II 4'/P, III/P, IV/P

Organists The position of organist of St. Sebaldus was the most important one of this kind in Nuremberg, and several important composers occupied this post. Organists who worked at St. Sebaldus include the following (almost all held the post until their death, except where stated otherwise):

1446–1450: Conrad Paumann, secretly left for Munich 1522–1524: Hans Seber 1564–1561: Sebald Heyden 1567–1571: Hans Haiden 1596–1616: Hans Christoph Haiden, dismissed for adultery 1616–1618: Kasper Hassler 1618–1634: Johann Staden 1634–1658: Valentin Dretzel 1658–1686: Paul Hainlein 1686–1695: Georg Caspar Wecker 1695–1706: Johann Pachelbel 1706–1719: Johann Siegmund Richter 1719–1764: Wilhelm Hieronymus Pachelbel (Johann's son) 1764–1775: Cornelius Heinrich Dretzel 1783–1810: Egidius Bauer 1969–1991: Werner Jacob (left)

Judensau

The church features a Judensau, an antisemitic sculpture depicting Jews engaged in obscene activities with pigs. The Judensau depicts a large sow, with two Jews hanging on the teats. A third Jew is feeding the sow on the left side, while a fourth is collecting the excrement on the right. The sculpture was made in the 1380s and is placed at a height of about 7 meters on the church.

Burials Sebaldus

References

Christoph Wolff. "Paumann, Conrad", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy, grovemusic.com (subscription access). Harold E. Samuel, Susan Gattuso. "Nuremberg", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy, grovemusic.com (subscription access).

External links

St. Sebald Official Site St. Sebald at the official site of Nuremberg Includes a brief description in English St. Sebaldus church at Archiseek.com Includes brief descriptions and photographs Saint Sebald Church digital media archive (creative commons-licensed photos, laser scans, panoramas), data from a Christofori und Partner/CyArk/Bavarian State Department of Monuments and Sites research partnership