Cliveden ( ), also known as the Benjamin Chew House or Chew House, is a historic mansion at 6401 Germantown Avenue in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the scene of some of the bloodiest fighting of the Battle of Germantown, fought in 1777 during the American Revolutionary War.

History

Built between 1763 and 1767 by Benjamin Chew, the mansion was inhabited from colonial times by seven generations of the Chew family, until 1972.Marion, John Francis. Bicentennial City: Walking Tours of Historic Philadelphia. Princeton: The Pyne Press, 1974. Chew was head of the Pennsylvania Judiciary System under both Colony and Commonwealth, and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Province of Pennsylvania. From his legal mentor, Andrew Hamilton, he inherited Hamilton's lifelong clients, the descendants of William Penn.

For Chew's safety, the Executive Committee of the Continental Congress forcibly removed him and his family from Cliveden, as his close friend, George Washington, was ordering the Continental Army to move towards Philadelphia. On October 4, 1777 the Battle of Germantown was fought around Cliveden. During the battle, 120 British troops of the 40th Foot under Lieutenant-colonel Thomas Musgrave occupied the mansion and defeated several American attempts to capture it, killing 57 Americans and wounding several dozen more. Washington's army was repelled and driven back down Germantown Avenue in defeat.

In 1961, Cliveden was designated a National Historic Landmark, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. It is part of the Colonial Germantown Historic District.Jenkins, Charles F. The Guide Book to Historic Germantown. Germantown Historical Society, 1973. The National Trust for Historic Preservation operates Cliveden as a historic house museum and offers tours from April through December. Significance:

Property The original estate included a number of other structures, including a stable and coach house, a smoke house, hen house, and summer house. The landscaping features statuary and gardens with over 200 varieties of trees and shrubs. In 1868, a two-story addition was added in the original courtyard. A window on the second-floor stair landing in the main house was converted into a hidden doorway to create an entrance to the addition.

The Chew Family Papers, containing an extensive collection of correspondence, documents, financial records and other materials, are available for research use at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

See also

Wyck House John Johnson House List of National Historic Landmarks in Philadelphia National Register of Historic Places listings in Northwest Philadelphia

References

External links

Cliveden at USHistory.org Cliveden's summary listing as a National Historic Landmark Cliveden (Chew House), National Historic Landmark Nomination. 2014 update.

Exterior view of the building at the Library of Congress YouTube, Growing Up at Cliveden Benjamin Chew, Esq. A site dedicated to emerging research on Benjamin Chew, Esq.