Since the 1960s, the Marvel Comics superhero the Hulk has appeared in many types of various media other than the comics, such as animated and live-action TV series, films, books, video games, comic strips, and stage shows.
Television
Animation 1960s Hulk debuted in television in 1966 as part of The Marvel Super Heroes animated series. It was produced by Grantray-Lawrence Animation, which was headed by Grant Simmons, Ray Patterson and Robert Lawrence. The series is in stop-motion comic book form, with radio personality Max Ferguson voicing both the Hulk and Bruce Banner. The 39 seven-minute segment episodes were shown along with those featuring other characters from the series, including Captain America, Iron Man, Thor, and Namor the Sub-Mariner. They were all based on the early stories from The Incredible Hulk and Tales to Astonish comic book series from Marvel. The series shows Bruce Banner's origin of becoming the Hulk and struggling to keep his dual identity a secret from everyone, as well as trying to maintain his romance with Betty Ross, friendship with Rick Jones—the only one knowing that Banner and the Hulk are the same—and battling super-villains such as the Leader, Metal Master, Ringmaster, Chameleon, Boomerang, and Tyrannus. At the same time, he must avoid capture by the military headed by Betty's father Thunderbolt Ross with his right-hand man Glenn Talbot.
1980s Hulk returns to television with the animated series The Incredible Hulk (1982–1983), voiced by Bob Holt as Hulk and Michael Bell as Bruce Banner. The series once again shows Bruce Banner transformed into Hulk by accident and struggling to keep it a secret from Betty Ross, and everyone else around him. Rick Jones is the one who shares his secret and helps control it while Bruce uses his powers to battle supervillains such as the Leader, Spymaster, Doctor Octopus, Hydra, and the Puppet Master; while fighting the military at the same time led by Betty's father General Thunderbolt Ross with Major Glenn Talbot whose first name had been changed to "Ned". This series features the first animated appearance of Bruce's cousin Jennifer, who becomes She-Hulk.
Hulk appears in the Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends episode "Spidey Goes Hollywood", with Peter Cullen voicing both Hulk and Bruce Banner.
1990s A robotic duplicate of the Hulk appears in the X-Men: The Animated Series episode "The Juggernaut Returns". The Marvel Action Hour (1994–1996): Hulk appears in episodes of the Fantastic Four and Iron Man animated series that made up The Marvel Action Hour, with Ron Perlman voicing both him and Bruce Banner. The Incredible Hulk (1996–1997): Marvel Studios and Saban Entertainment made another animated series for the Hulk, with Neal McDonough voicing Bruce Banner, Lou Ferrigno voicing Hulk, Michael Donovan voicing Gray Hulk, and Kevin Michael Richardson voicing Dark Hulk. In 1997, the series became The Incredible Hulk and She-Hulk, when She-Hulk was given full-time status. Like the previous animated series, the show focused on his origin to Bruce's turmoil being the Hulk and his romance with Betty Ross as well as his friendship with Rick Jones (voiced by Luke Perry) who followed Hulk around to help look out for him while Hulk/Bruce was being hunted by the military led by Betty's father General Thunderbolt Ross, with Glenn Talbot helping, but eventually sees the error of his ways. The series also had Doc Samson in his first animated appearance who helped out Hulk, while at the same time battling him, and featured Hulk facing off against his archenemy the Leader with his Gamma mutated army including Abomination, Gargoyle, Ogress, and the Gamma Warriors; Hulk also dealt with other villains like Zzzax, Absorbing Man, and Doctor Doom. Hulk appears in a painting depicted in The Avengers: United They Stand episode "Avengers Assemble".
2000s The Hulk appears in the Fantastic Four: World's Greatest Heroes episode "Hard Knocks" (2006), voiced by Mark Gibbon, while Bruce Banner is voiced by Andrew Kavadas. The Hulk appears in the Wolverine and the X-Men episode "Wolverine vs. the Hulk", voiced by Fred Tatasciore, while Bruce Banner is voiced by Gabriel Mann. The Hulk appears in Iron Man: Armored Adventures, voiced again by Mark Gibbon. In his most notable appearance in the episode "Rage of the Hulk", Bruce Banner enlists Iron Man and Howard Stark in an attempt to cure him with a machine that will siphon his gamma energy. However, this transforms him into the Gray Hulk after Thunderbolt Ross modifies it. Hulk appears in The Super Hero Squad Show, voiced by Travis Willingham. A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its credits or other reliable sources of information.
2010s The Hulk appears in The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes, with Gabriel Mann voicing Bruce Banner and Fred Tatasciore voicing Hulk again. The Hulk appears in Ultimate Spider-Man, once again voiced by Fred Tatasciore. Additionally, a Marvel Noir version of Joe Fixit appears in the episode "Return to the Spider-Verse" as a gang leader and rival of Hammerhead, also voiced by Tatasciore. The Hulk appears in Avengers Assemble, once again voiced by Fred Tatasciore, with Bruce Banner being voiced by Tatasciore in the first season, Jesse Burch in the third, and Kevin Shinick in the fourth. The Hulk appears in Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H., again voiced by Fred Tatasciore. This version is a member of the eponymous team, alongside She-Hulk, Red Hulk, and A-Bomb. The Hulk appears in Phineas and Ferb: Mission Marvel, again voiced by Fred Tatasciore. The Hulk appears in Ultimate Wolverine vs. Hulk, voiced by Michael Dobson, while Bruce Banner is voiced by Sebastian Spence. The Hulk appears in Lego Marvel Super Heroes: Maximum Overload, voiced again by Fred Tatasciore. The Hulk appears in Marvel Disk Wars: The Avengers, voiced by Kenichirou Matsuda in Japanese and Kyle Hebert in English. The Hulk appears in Lego Marvel Super Heroes: Avengers Reassembled, voiced again by Fred Tatasciore. The Hulk appears in Marvel Super Hero Adventures: Frost Fight!, voiced again by Fred Tatasciore. The Hulk appears in Guardians of the Galaxy (2015), once again voiced by Fred Tatasciore, with Bruce Banner again voiced by Jesse Burch in the second season and Kevin Shinick in the third. The Hulk appears in Marvel Future Avengers, again voiced by Kenichirou Matsuda in Japanese and Fred Tatasciore in English. The Hulk appears in Spider-Man (2017), again voiced by Fred Tatasciore, while Bruce Banner is again voiced by Kevin Shinick. The Hulk appears in Marvel Super Hero Adventures, voiced by James Blight.
2020s The Hulk appears in Lego Marvel Avengers: Climate Conundrum, voiced again by James Blight. The Hulk appears in Lego Marvel Avengers: Loki in Training, voiced again by James Blight. The Hulk appears in Lego Marvel Avengers: Time Twisted, voiced again by James Blight. The Hulk appears in Spidey and His Amazing Friends, voiced primarily by Armen Taylor, while Sami Sharkawy voices him as a child in the episode "Lil Hulk". The Hulk appears in X-Men '97, voiced by J. P. Karliak, via Morph. The Hulk appears in Lego Marvel Avengers: Mission Demolition, voiced again by Fred Tatasciore. The Hulk appears in Lego Marvel Avengers: Strange Tails, voiced again by Fred Tatasciore.
Film
A depiction of the Ultimate Marvel version of Hulk has been featured in Ultimate Avengers: The Movie, an animated direct-to-video adaptation of the Ultimates produced by Marvel Entertainment and Lions Gate Films, with Michael Massee voicing Bruce Banner, and Fred Tatasciore voicing the Hulk. Based on the Ultimate Hulk, Bruce Banner is working on recreating the super soldier serum. Banner thinking that the serum could help him control the Hulk, and creates a cure with his own blood. After the fight with the Chitauri, the Hulk becomes out of control and is taken down by the Avengers. In the sequel, Ultimate Avengers 2: Rise of the Panther, Banner (voiced again by Massee) has been imprisoned due to the previous film's events. At the end, the Hulk (voiced again by Tatasciore) breaks out of the cell and escapes. An elderly Hulk appears in the alternate universe Next Avengers: Heroes of Tomorrow, with Ken Kramer voicing Bruce Banner and Tatasciore reprising the role of the Hulk. He has decided to hide and keep away from other people for their own safety. The Young Avengers come up a plan to lure Ultron there so he can cause the Hulk to appear, destroying the robot. This plan worked as Torunn throws Ultron's body into space to prevent him from repairing himself. Tatasciore reprises his role of the Hulk in Hulk Vs., with Bryce Johnson voicing Bruce Banner. In Planet Hulk, Rick D. Wasserman voices the Hulk. The film is based on the "Planet Hulk" storyline. The Hulk appears as a central character in Iron Man & Hulk: Heroes United. Tatasciore reprises his role as the Hulk. The Hulk appears in the anime film Avengers Confidential: Black Widow & Punisher with Tatasciore reprising the role. Hulk appears in Iron Man and Captain America: Heroes United, with Tatasciore reprising his role. Hulk appears in Hulk: Where Monsters Dwell, with Bruce Banner voiced again by Jesse Burch and Hulk voiced again by Fred Tatasciore. Hulk appears in Lego Marvel Super Heroes: Black Panther – Trouble in Wakanda, with Tatasciore again reprising his role. Hulk appears in Lego Marvel Avengers: Code Red, voiced again by Fred Tatasciore.
Live-action
1970s
Hulk appeared in the 1978–1982 live action television series, The Incredible Hulk, and its subsequent television films. Created by Universal Studios, it starred Bill Bixby as Dr. David Banner and Lou Ferrigno as Hulk. Furthermore, vocal effects for the Hulk are provided by Ted Cassidy, with Charles Napier replacing him after Cassidy's death in 1979. The effect of Banner transforming into the Hulk was created by editing together five stages: 1) Bill Bixby as normal, 2) Bixby wearing green contact lenses, 3) Bixby wearing green makeup and a forehead prosthetic, in addition to the contact lenses, 4) Bixby with green hair dye and a darker shade of green makeup, and 5) Lou Ferrigno in full makeup. Initially, the Hulk's facial make-up was quite monstrous, but after both pilots, the first two weekly episodes and New York location shooting for the fourth, the design was toned down. The hard contact lenses Ferrigno wore to simulate the Hulk's electric-green eyes had to be removed every 15 minutes because he found wearing them physically painful. The green fright wig he wore as the Hulk was made of dyed yak hair. In this series, David Banner becomes Hulk, is assumed dead and goes on the run while being pursued by tabloid investigative reporter Jack McGee (Jack Colvin) who is bent on proving that the creature exists. The two-hour pilot movie, which established the Hulk's origins, aired on November 4, 1977. The series was originally broadcast by CBS from March 10, 1978, to June 2, 1982, with eighty-two episodes in five seasons, and later followed by three television films.
Bill Bixby/Lou Ferrigno TV films (1977–1990) The Incredible Hulk (1977) - Pilot for the CBS series, written and directed by Kenneth Johnson (distributed in theaters in some countries). The Return of the Incredible Hulk (1977) – Pilot sequel directed by Alan J. Levi (also shown overseas as a feature film); retitled "Death in the Family" as a two-parter in syndication. Married (1978) – Two-hour season-two premiere episode directed by Kenneth Johnson (theatrically released outside of the United States as Hulk Returns or The Bride of the Incredible Hulk). The Incredible Hulk Returns (1988) – NBC resurrection of the characters from the series by Lou Ferrigno and Bill Bixby, with the addition of Eric Allan Kramer as the Asgardian Thor; directed by Nicholas Corea.