The Nemastomatidae are a family of harvestmen with about 170 described species in 16 recent genera. Several fossil species and genera are known.
Unlike some related currently recognized families, the Nemastomatidae are monophyletic. (2007): Nemastomatidae. Simon, 1872. In: Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2007: 148ff
Description Members of the Nemastomatidae range in body length from about one to almost six millimeters. Their chelicerae are of normal proportions, but the pedipalps are very elongated and thin in some groups. Leg length is likewise variable.
Distribution The Nemastomatidae are divided into two subfamilies. The subfamily Ortholasmatinae occur on both sides of the Pacific Ocean: in western North America from Alaska and British Columbia to Mexico and possibly Honduras, but also eastern Asia (China, Japan Thailand and Vietnam). The subfamily Nemastomatinae occur across Europe and near, including Iceland and the Caucasus, plus in the Atlas Mountains of North Africa, from Anatolia to northern Iran. A few species are found outside this region in Central Asia and the Himalayas. Most species are geographically restricted to small zones in mountainous regions.
Relationships The Nemastomatidae are probably a sister group to the Dicranolasmatidae and Trogulidae.
Name The genus name Nemastoma is a combination of Ancient Greek nema "thread" and stoma "mouth", referring to the elongated pedipalps.
Species
For complete breakdown, see the following (as of 2023):
For a broader recent listing of species see:
Subfamily Nemastomatinae
Acromitostoma Roewer, 1951 Acromitostoma hispanum (Roewer, 1917)Spain Acromitostoma rhinoceros Roewer, 1951Spain, Morocco Burnia Prieto, 2021 Burnia sexmucronata (Simon, 1911)Spain Burnia spelaea Prieto, 2021Spain Carinostoma Kratochvíl, 1958 Carinostoma carinatum (Roewer, 1914)southeastern Europe Carinostoma elegans (Sørensen, 1894)southeastern Europe Carinostoma ornatum (Hadzi, 1940)southeastern Europe Caucnemastoma Martens, 2006 Caucnemastoma golovatchi Martens, 2006Russia Caucnemastoma martensi Snegovaya, 2011Russia Centetostoma Kratochvíl, 1958 Centetostoma centetes (Simon, 1881)France (Alps) Centetostoma juberthiei Martens, 2011France/Spain (Pyrenees) Centetostoma scabriculum (Simon, 1879)France/Spain (Pyrenees) Centetostoma ventalloi (Mello-Leitao, 1936)France/Spain (Pyrenees) Giljarovia Kratochvíl, 1958 Giljarovia crimeana Tchemeris & Kovblyuk, 2012Ukraine Giljarovia kratochvili Snegovaya, 2011Russia Giljarovia redikorzevi Charitonov, 1946Georgia Giljarovia rossica Kratochvíl, 1958Russia Giljarovia stridula (Kratochvíl, 1958)Russia Giljarovia tenebricosa (Redikortsev, 1936)Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkey Giljarovia thoracocornuta Martens, 2006Russia Giljarovia triangula Martens, 2006Russia, Georgia Giljarovia trianguloides Martens, 2006Russia Giljarovia turcica Gruber, 1976Turkey Giljarovia vestita Martens, 2006Russia, Georgia Hadzinia Šilhavý, 1966 Hadzinia ferrani Novak & Kozel, 2014Slovenia Hadzinia karamani (Hadzi, 1940)Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia Histricostoma Kratochvíl, 1958 Histricostoma anatolicum (Roewer, 1962)Turkey Histricostoma argenteolunulatum (Canestrini, 1875)France (Corsica), Italy, Greece Histricostoma caucasicum (Redikorzev, 1936)Russia Histricostoma creticum (Roewer, 1928)Greece Histricostoma dentipalpe (Ausserer, 1867)Central Europe Histricostoma drenskii Kratochvíl, 1958Bulgaria Histricostoma gruberi Snegovaya & Marusik, 2012Turkey Histricostoma mitovi Snegovaya & Marusik, 2012Turkey Mediostoma Kratochvíl, 1958 Mediostoma armatum Martens, 2006Iran Mediostoma ceratocephalum Gruber, 1976Turkey Mediostoma cypricum (Roewer, 1951)Greece/Turkey: Cyprus, Israel, Lebanon, Mediostoma globuliferum (L. Koch, 1867)Greece Mediostoma humerale (C.L. Koch, 1839)Greece, Albania Mediostoma izmirica Snegovaya, Kurt, & Yağmur, 2016Turkey Mediostoma nigrum Martens, 2006Iran, Azerbaijan Mediostoma pamiricum Staręga, 1986Tajikistan Mediostoma stussineri (Simon, 1885) Greece Mediostoma talischense (Morin, 1937)Azerbaijan Mediostoma variabile Martens, 2006Iran, Azerbaijan Mediostoma vityae (Roewer, 1927)Greece Mitostoma Roewer, 1951 Mitostoma alpinum (Hadži, 1931)Southeastern Europe Mitostoma anophthalmum (Fage, 1946)Italy Mitostoma atticum (Roewer, 1928)Greece Mitostoma cancellatum (Roewer, 1917)Balkans Mitostoma carneluttii Hadži, 1973Montenegro Mitostoma chrysomelas (Hermann, 1804)Europe (widespread) Mitostoma daccordii Tedeschi & Sciaky, 1997Italy Mitostoma fabianae Tedescie & Sciaky, 1997Italy Mitostoma gracile (Redikortsev, 1936)Russia, Georgia, etc. Mitostoma macedonicum Hadži, 1973Macedonia Mitostoma olgae (Šilhavý, 1939)(see below Balkans) Mitostoma olgae decorum (Šilhavý, 1939)Montenegro Mitostoma olgae kratochvili (Šilhavý, 1939)Croatia Mitostoma olgae olgae (Šilhavý, 1939)Montenegro Mitostoma olgae zorae Hadži, 1973Macedonia Mitostoma orobicum (Caporiacco, 1949)Italy Mitostoma patrizii Roewer, 1953Italy Mitostoma pyrenaeum (Simon, 1879)France/Spain (Pyrenees) Mitostoma sabbadinii Tedeschi & SciakyItaly Mitostoma valdemonense Marcellino, 1974Italy Mitostoma zmajevicae Hadži, 1973Macedonia Nemaspela Silhavý, 1966 Nemaspela abchasica Ljovuschkin & Starobogatov, 1963Russia, Georgia/Abkhazia Nemaspela birsteini Levushkii, 1972Georgia/Abkhazia Nemaspela borkoae Kozel, Delić & Novak, 2020Montenegro Nemaspela caeca (Grese, 1911)Ukraine (Crimea) [Can be "Grese in Nowikoff, 1911. Else, possibly should incl. Phalangodes taurica (Lebedinskiy, 1914) per Chemeris (2009)]. Nemaspela femorecurvata Martens, 2006Georgia Nemaspela gagrica Tchemeris, 2013Georgia/Abkhazia Nemaspela kovali Tchemeris, 2009Russia Nemaspela ladae Karaman, 2013Bosnia & Herzegovina Nemaspela melouri Martens, Maghradze & Barjadze, 2021Georgia Nemaspela prometheusi Martens, Maghradze & Barjadze, 2021Georgia Nemaspela sokolovi (Ljovuschkin & Starobogatov, 1963)Russia Nemaspela taurica (Lebedinski, 1914)Ukraine (Crimea) (See as synonym under Nemaspela caeca per some e.g. Chemeris (2009). Nemastoma C. L. Koch, 1836 Nemastoma bidentatum Roewer, 1914Europe Nemastoma bidentatum bidentatum Roewer, 1914Central Europe, Southeastern Europe Nemastoma bidentatum gruberi Novak, Slana Novak, Kozel & Raspotnig, 2021Southern Europe Nemastoma bidentatum martensi Novak, Slana Novak & Raspotnig, 2021Slovenia Nemastoma bidentatum schmidti Novak, Raspotnig & Slana Novak, 2021Central Europe, Southern Europe Nemastoma bidentatum sneznikensis Novak, Komposch, Slana Novak & Raspotnig, 2021Slovenia Nemastoma bidentatum sparsum Gruber & Martens, 1968Central Europe, Southeastern Europe Nemastoma bimaculatum (Fabricius, 1775)Europe (Widespread), Iceland Nemastoma daciscum Koch, 1869(?) [Insertae sedis ]. Nemastoma dentigerum Canestrini, 1873Europe (Widespread) Nemastoma kozari Novak, Kozel, Podlesnik & Raspotnig, 2021Bosnia & Herzegovina Nemastoma lilliputanum (Lucas, 1846)Algeria [Insertae sedis ]. Nemastoma lugubre (Müller, 1776)Europe (Widespread) Nemastoma pluridentatum (Hadži, 1973)Balkans Nemastoma relictum (Gruber & Martens, 1968)Austria Nemastoma rude Simon, 1881France [Insertae sedis ]. Nemastoma schuelleri Gruber & Martens, 1968Austria Nemastoma transsylvanicum Gruber & Martens, 1968Romania Nemastoma triste (C.L. Koch, 1835)Central Europe Nemastomella Mello-Leitão, 1936 Nemastomella armatissima (Roewer, 1962)Portugal Nemastomella bacillifera (Simon, 1879)Western Europe Nemastomella bacillifera bacillifera (Simon, 1879)France/Spain (Pyrenees) Nemastomella bacillifera carbonaria (Simon, 1907)Spain Nemastomella cristinae (Rambla, 1969)Spain Nemastomella dentipatellae (Dresco, 1967)Spain Nemastomella dipentata (Rambla, 1959)Spain Nemastomella dubia (Mello-Leitão, 1936)Spain [Inc. N. integripes Mello-Leitão, 1936, synonymy by Staręga 1987: 303]. Nemastomella gevia Prieto, 2004Spain Nemastomella hankiewiczii (Kulczyński, 1909)Portugal Nemastomella iberica (Rambla in Dresco, 1967)Spain Nemastomella maarebensis (Simon, 1913)Algeria Nemastomella manicata (Simon, 1913)Spain Nemastomella monchiquensis (Kraus, 1961)Portugal Nemastomella spinosissima (Kraus, 1961)Spain
Paranemastoma Redikorzev, 1936 Paranemastoma aeginum (Roewer, 1951)Greece [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma amseli (Roewer, 1951)Italy [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma amuelleri (Roewer, 1951)Macedonia [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma ancae Avram, 1973Romania Paranemastoma armatum (Kulczyński, 1909)Balkans Paranemastoma aurigerum (Roewer, 1951)Bulgaria (all subspecies) Paranemastoma aurigerum aurigerum (Roewer, 1951)Bulgaria Paranemastoma aurigerum joannae Staręga, 1976Bulgaria Paranemastoma aurigerum ryla (Roewer, 1951)Bulgaria Paranemastoma aurosum (L. Koch, 1869)Greece Paranemastoma bacurianum (Mkheidze, 1959)Georgia Paranemastoma beroni Mitov, 2011Bulgaria Paranemastoma bicuspidatum (C.L. Koch, 1835)Central Europe Paranemastoma bolei (Hadži, 1973)Macedonia [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma brevipalpatum (Roewer, 1951)Spain [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma bureschi (Roewer, 1926)Bulgaria, Tunisia (? ) Paranemastoma caporiaccoi (Roewer, 1951)Italy [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma carneluttii (Hadži, 1973)Montenegro [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma corcyraeum (Roewer, 1917)Balkans Paranemastoma emigratum (Roewer, 1959India (?) [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma ferkeri (Roewer, 1951)Turkey [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma filipes (Roewer, 1917)South Caucasus, Iran Paranemastoma gostivarense (Hadži, 1973)Macedonia [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma ikarium (Roewer, 1951)Greece [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma ios (Roewer, 1917)Greece [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma iranicum Martens, 2006Iran Paranemastoma kaestneri (Roewer, 1951)Greece [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma kalischevskyi (Roewer, 1951)South Caucasus Paranemastoma karolianum Çorak Öcal, Bayram, Yiğit & Sancak, 2017Turkey Paranemastoma kochii (Nowicki, 1870)Central Europe, Southeastern Europe Paranemastoma longipalpatum (Roewer, 1951)Greece [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma longipes (Schenkel, 1947)Southeastern Europe Paranemastoma macedonicum (Hadži, 1973)Macedonia [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma machadoi (Roewer, 1951)Spain [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma mackenseni (Roewer, 1923)Serbia [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma montenigrinum (Nosek, 1904)Montenegro [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma monticola (Babalean, 2011)Romania Paranemastoma multisignatum (Hadži, 1973)Macedonia [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma nigrum (Hadži, 1973)Macedonia [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma perfugium (Roewer, 1951)Italy [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma quadripunctatum (Perty, 1833)Europe (widespread) Paranemastoma radewi (Roewer, 1926)Southeastern Europe Paranemastoma redikorzevi (Roewer, 1951)Ukraine [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma santorinum (Roewer, 1951)Greece [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma senussium (Roewer, 1951)Lybia [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma sillii (Herman, 1871)Central Europe, Southeastern Europe Paranemastoma simplex (Giltay, 1932)Greece Paranemastoma sketi (Hadži, 1973)Montenegro [Nomen dubium ]Central Europe, Southeastern Europe Paranemastoma spinosulum (Koch, 1869)Greece [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma superbum Redikorzev, 1936Georgia, Turkey Paranemastoma thessalum (Simon, 1885)Greece, Bosnia & Herzegovina (?) Paranemastoma titaniacum (Roewer, 1914)Southeastern Europe Paranemastoma umbo (Roewer, 1951)Georgia [Nomen dubium ] Paranemastoma werneri (Kulczyński, 1903)Turkey Pyza Starega, 1976 Pyza anatolica (Roewer, 1959)Turkey Pyza bosnica (Roewer, 1919)Balkans Pyza navarrense (Roewer, 1951)Greece Pyza taurica Gruber, 1979Turkey Saccarella Schönhofer & Martens, 2012 Saccarella schilleri Schönhofer & Martens, 2012Italy Sinostoma Martens, 2016 Sinostoma yunnanicum Martens, 2016China Starengovia Snegovaya, 2010 Starengovia ivanloebli Martens, 2017Pakistan Starengovia kirgizica Snegovaya, 2010Kyrgyzstan