Phyllanthus longfieldiae, or kaema in the Rapa language, is a species of tree or shrub in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is endemic to the island of Rapa in the Austral Islands in French Polynesia.Florence, J. (1997) Flore de la Polynésie française, vol. 1. Paris: Éditions de l'ORSTOM.Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Rapa, îles Australes: guide de la flore indigène et endémique . Papeete: Direction de l'Environnement, Government of French Polynesia. Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that it is extremely closely related to the tree Glochidion rapaense, which is also endemic to Rapa.Hembry, D. H.; Kawakita, A.; Gurr, N. E.; Schmaedick, M. A.; Baldwin, B. G.; Gillespie, R. G. (2013) "Non-congruent colonizations and diversification in a coevolving pollination mutualism on oceanic islands." Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 280: 20130361.
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