Veszprém (; , , , ) is one of the oldest urban areas in Hungary, and a city with county rights. It lies approximately north of the Lake Balaton. It is the administrative center of the county of the same name.
Etymology The city's name derives from the West Slavic-language personal name Bezprem or Bezprym (Proto-Slavic Bezprěmъ) which translates literally to "stubborn", "self-confident, not willing to retreat". Besprem (before 1002), Vezprem (1086), Bezpremensis (1109). The form Vezprem originates in early medieval scribal habits and frequent exchange of B and V under the influence of the Greek language.
Location and legend The city can be reached via the M7 highway and Road 8. It can also be reached from Győr via Road 82 and from Székesfehérvár via Road 8. According to a local legend, Veszprém was founded on seven hills. The seven hills are Várhegy (Castle Hill), Benedek-hegy (St. Benedict Hill), Jeruzsálem-hegy (Jerusalem Hill), Temetőhegy (Cemetery Hill), Gulyadomb (Herd Hill), Kálvária-domb (Calvary Hill), and Cserhát.
History
Anonymus Belæ Regis Notarius (the anonymous notary of King Béla III) wrote that a castle already stood here when the Hungarians first occupied the area. The castle was probably a 9th-century Frankish fortress. The castles of Veszprém, Esztergom and Székesfehérvár, were the earliest Hungarian stone castles, which had already been built during the reign of High Prince Géza, a time when motte castles were much more common.
Veszprém had an important religious role during the struggle to make Christianity the official religion of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary—Stephen I, Grand Prince of the Hungarians, was crowned King in 1000 or 1001, and defeated the armies of his chief opponent, Koppány, near Veszprém. The city became the first episcopal seat of Hungary in 1009 and an archiepiscopal seat in 1993. Comitatus Veszprém was one of the earliest historical counties of Hungary.
Veszprém was the favorite city of Queen Gisela, the wife of Stephen I. For centuries, the queens of Hungary were crowned by the bishop of Veszprém. The city is still often called "the city of queens". In the year 1294 Queen Fenenna confirmed that, at that time, the former Queen Elizabeth had the privilege to collect the donations of the church in the Veszprém County.
Veszprém was among the first Hungarian cities to have a university—students studied law and arts here for several centuries. The university was destroyed by fire in 1276, when Peter I Csák invaded and devastated the Diocese of Veszprém. Veszprém became a university town again in the 20th century.
The town was taken over by the Ottoman Turks during the Hungarian–Ottoman Wars in 1552, but was conquered by the Habsburgs in 1566. The Ottomans once again successfully besieged the town in 1593 during the Long Turkish War. The castle was demolished in 1706. Until 1918, Veszprim (also named Weszprim and Wesprim c. 1850, and Weissbrunn in German) was part of the Austrian monarchy (Austria-Hungary);Handbook of Austria and Lombardy-Venetia Cancellations on the Postage Stamp Issues 1850-1864, by Edwin MUELLER, 1961. and part of Transleithania in the Kingdom of Hungary after the compromise of 1867. From 16 August and 4 October 1919, Romanian troops occupied the city under colonel Constantin Neagu and major Alexander Totescu.Nagy, S. (2010). The Romanian occupation of Veszprém in 1919. Veszprémi Szemle, 12(3-4), 30.
During World War II, Veszprém was captured by Soviet troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front on 23 March 1945, in the course of the Vienna Offensive.
Economy The Hungarian automotive plastic spare parts manufacturer Videoton Plastic (part of Videoton), the Hungarian kiosk manufacturer Kiosksystems,Kiosksystems - Cégünkről - Bemutatkozás the Hungarian shutter manufacturer Roll-Lux,Roll-Lux - Történetünk the Hungarian label manufacturer Imprenta,Imprenta - Cégtörténet the Hungarian tool manufacturer Solidsteel,Solidsteel - Főoldal the Hungarian technical ceramics manufacturer Bakony Ipari Kerámia,Bakony Ipari Kerámia - veol.hu - HIRDETÉS March 1, 2018 the Hungarian furniture manufacturer Balaton Bútor,Balaton Bútor the Hungarian machine manufacturer Flexmont, the Hungarian watermanagement company PureAqua,PureAqua the Hungarian automotive spare parts manufacturer Win-Pres,Win-Pres the Hungarian construction company VEMÉVSZER,VEMÉVSZER the Hungarian metal manufacturer Ferro-Trio,Ferro-Trio the Hungarian OOK Printhouse,OOK Nyomda - Rólunk the Hungarian toolmanufacturer Plasticor,Plasticor - About Us the Hungarian machine manufacturer Transmoduls,Transmoduls - About Us the Hungarian Prospektus Printhouse have both their headquarters and main production facilities in Veszprém.
The French pharmaceutical company Citoxlab, the Austrian plaster manufacturer Lasselsberger-Knauf,Lasselsberger-Knauf - Húsz éve nem ugrott ekkorát a veszprémi építőipari gyártó - August 3, 2017 the Swiss electric motor manufacturer Maxon Motor,Maxon Motors - Production sites the Austrian tile manufacturer Bramac,Bramac - Rólunk - Cégkrónika the French automotive spare parts manufacturer Valeo,Valeo the German electromagnetical controlsystems manufacturer nass magnet,nass magnet the German automotive spare parts manufacturer Continental AG,- Continental AG - Veszprém the German automotive spare parts manufacturer Thun,Thun - Locations the German sensor manufacturer Pepperl+Fuchs,Pepperl-Fuchs the Austrian chimney and ventilation system manufacturer Schiedel,Schiedel the American power supply security company CoreComm, the German sensor manufacturer Balluff, the German automotive spare parts manufacturer Jost,Jost - Vállalat - Cégtörénet the German health devices manufacturer Beurer,Beurer - Company - sites the British-Dutch food producer Unilever and the Hungarian dairy product manufacturer Pannontej operate production plants in the city.
The Dutch General Logistics Systems,GLS the Hungarian Magyar Posta, the German Penny Market,59 üzletet szolgál ki új veszprémi logisztikai központjából a Penny Market - October 17, 2017 the Hungarian Locargo and the Austrian PerspedPersped - Rólunk have logistics centres there.
The Hungarian owned Vöröskő electrical retailer (holder of the brand Euronics in Hungary) is also based in the city.
The Veszprém Aréna provides place besides sport events for exhibitions and conferences.Veszprém Aréna
Demographics According to the 2011 census beside the 83.9% Hungarian majority the city has a historical German minority numbering 2.4% of the population. The second largest ethnic group is the Roma with 0.7%. The others are all marginal.KSH - Veszprém, 2011
The religious affiliation of the citizens has a Catholic majority with 38.9% Roman Catholic and 0.3% Greek Catholic. The Calvinists (7.0%) have the second, the Lutherans (2.1%) the third largest denomination in the city. 20.6% are not religious.
Politics The current mayor of Veszprém is Gyula Porga (Fidesz-KDNP).
The local Municipal Assembly, elected at the 2019 local government elections, is made up of 18 members (1 Mayor, 12 Individual constituencies MEPs and 5 Compensation List MEPs) divided into this political parties and alliances:
Party Seats Current Municipal Assembly Fidesz-KDNP 11M Opposition coalition 7
Neighborhoods
Historical background
Until the end of the Middle Ages, Veszprém was essentially a group of settlements — known as “szegek” — located around the castle hill. The “szegek”, which had previously been independent settlements, were completely destroyed during the Ottoman period; thus, there is no continuity between the medieval and early modern city districts and their names. During the dynamic phases of urban development in the 19th and 20th centuries, the earlier settlement merged. The administrative and service needs (e.g., schools, stores, etc.) of the urban area, which had expanded and become more densely populated in this way, necessitated the establishment of a so-called urban structural system, for which proposals were made in the continuously updated urban development plans (1960, 1970, 1982). Due to the slowing of urban growth in the 21st century, a system based on tradition has become more practical than these plans.
Veszprém's official neighborhoods
In Municipal Decree No. 33/1997, the Municipality of Veszprém, a City with County Rights, distinguished 14 city neighborhoods and 11 territorial units that are not classified as city neighborhoods. The latter are partly separated as subdivisions of certain city districts and partly appear outside of them, functioning similarly to city neighborhoods.
Public transport
The city's public transportation consists exclusively of buses, which are run by the city-funded company V-Busz. 30 bus lines run throughout the city, including lines 44 and 45 which are night buses. All buses are easily recognizable even from a distance due to their purple livery. Tickets can be purchased on the buses, from ticket machines across the city and at bus stations from the ticket desks. V-Busz took over the city's public transportation in 2018 from the regional, state-funded bus company (ÉNYKK) due to a lack of funding and an old rolling stock of buses, some of which were from the mid 80s.
Notable people
Péter Andorka (born in 1984), footballer Leopold Auer (1845–1930), violinist, academic, conductor and composer Virág Blazsek (born in 1980), lawyer, legal scholar Tamás Kádár (born 1990), footballer Attila Mesterházy (born 1974), politician (MSZP) Tibor Navracsics (born 1966), politician, European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth (2014–present) Leopold Óváry (1833–1919), historian and archivist Csaba Vastag (born 1982), singer Tamás Vastag (born 1991), singer Ádám Lang (born 1993), footballer
Twin towns – sister cities
Veszprém is twinned with:
Bottrop, Germany Debeljača, Serbia Gladsaxe, Denmark Most, Czech Republic Nitra, Slovakia Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Passau, Germany Rovaniemi, Finland Senftenberg, Germany Sfântu Gheorghe, Romania Tartu, Estonia Tirat Carmel, Israel Žamberk, Czech Republic Płock, Poland
Tourism Kittenberger Kálmán Zoo & Botanical Garden
Gallery
References
Notes
External links
Official site English pages on official site Pannon University (formerly University of Veszprém) Aerial photography: Veszprém What to do in Veszprém – Much more than handball Veszprém at funiq.hu