Hong Kong has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party was large enough to gain power by controlling the Legislative Council. The Chief Executive is appointed by the Premier of China based on a vote of the Election Committee and is nominally nonpartisan as specified in the Chief Executive Election Ordinance. Once selected, the Chief Executive forms a government which superficially has to rely on political parties in the legislature for support, but the legislature has been deliberately designed and redesigned to be a pro-Beijing rubber stamp body.
Hong Kong has no legislation for political parties; thus, it has no legal definition for what a political party is. Most political parties and political groups registered either as limited companies or societies.
In Hong Kong, there were two main political ideological blocs, which presents to pro-democracy camp (include localists) and pro-Beijing camp. Under the newly introduced electoral system since 2021, only government-approved candidates may run, effectively disqualifying any candidates who are not from the pro-Beijing camp or approved by Beijing. Most of the pro-democracy camp Legislative Councillors from the previous LegCo have been jailed by the Hong Kong government and are therefore disqualified from participating in elections without the need for government vetting.
Present parties There are 9 major political groups represented in the Legislative Council, including trade unions, professional associations and pressure groups. Two further political groups (New Territories Association of Societies and Civil Force) are represented by those members.
Major parties Party Founded Camp Ideology Leader 8th Legislative Council 7th District Councils Seat Vote share Seat Vote share DAB Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong 33.88% 41.58% BPA Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong Conservatism (HK)Economic liberalismChinese nationalism 3.02% 5.04% FTU Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions 20.39% 17.61% LP Liberal Party 2.54% 1.67%FEWHong Kong Federation of Education WorkersDid not run in GCs DNP NPP New People's Party 11.52% 8.52% KWND Kowloon West New Dynamic 2.01% No elected FLU Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions Did not run in GCs 1.06% PP Professional Power 4.61% 2.01% NTAS New Territories Association of Societies 3.26% 0.48% RT Roundtable 2.72% 0.61% CF Civil Force NPP ticket NPP ticket
Other parties and groups Other parties and groups without legislative representation that have participated in the elections include: +PartyFoundedLeaderCampIdeologyNoteHong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council ()September 1948Pro-ROCHong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood ()26 October 1986Bruce LiuPro-democracyLiberalism (HK)Social democracySocial liberalismHong Kong Chinese Reform Association ()8 May 1949Chinese nationalismHong Kong Civic Association ()26 October 1954Conservatism (HK)Liberal conservatismLabour Party ()18 December 2011Pro-democracySocial democracyEnvironmentalismLiberalism (HK)Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre ()1985Pro-democracySocial democracyLiberalism (Hong Kong)New Century Forum ()Conservatism (HK)Chinese nationalismNew Prospect for Hong Kong ()Path of Democracy ()8 June 2015Ronny TongCentristCentrism (HK)Professional Commons ()25 March 2007Pro-democracyLiberalism (HK)Third Side ()Centrist
Pro-Democracy camp 2047 Hong Kong Monitor () 7.1 People Pile () April Fifth Action () Chinese Labour Party () Chinese Liberal Democratic Party () China Youth Service & Recreation Centre () Citizens' Radio () Civic Act-Up () (part of Labour Party) The Frontier () HK First () Hong Kong Awakening Association () Hong Kong Caritas Employees Union () Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Practitioners' Rights General Union () Hong Kong Democratic Development Network () Hong Kong Democratic Foundation () Hong Kong Independence Party () Hong Kong Social Workers' General Union () Land Justice League () Pioneer of Victoria Park () Power Voters () (part of People Power) Revolutionary Communist Party of China (, October Review) Socialist Action () Southern Democratic Alliance () Synergy Kowloon ()
Pro-Beijing camp Bauhinia Party () Business and Professionals Federation of Hong Kong () Education Convergence () Government Disciplined Services General Union () Hong Kong Localism Power (), a pro-Beijing conservative political party, contrary to its name. Hong Kong Medical Association () Hong Kong Public Doctors' Association () Hong Kong Women Teachers' Organization () Justice Alliance () New Youth Forum () HK Round Table On People’s Livelihood () Politihk Social Strategic () Third Force () Voice of Loving Hong Kong ()
Localist groups Christians to the World () Conservative Party () Empowering Hong Kong () Hong Kong Indigenous () Hong Kong Resurgence Order () Kowloon East Community () Nationalist Hong Kong () Proletariat Political Institute ()
Umbrella organisations Ching Fat Living Concern Group () North of the Rings () Tsuen Wan Dynamic for the People ()
Others Alliance for Social and Economic Advancement () Green Party of Hong Kong () Hong Kong People's Livelihood Party () MESSAGE ()
Regional organisations, communal pressure groups and Kaifong associations Action 18 () Ap Lei Chau Community Trade Union () Cheung Sha Wan West Front () Choi Hung Estate Social Service Association () Concern Group for Tseung Kwan O People's Livelihood () Community Alliance () Deliberation Tsuen Wan () Fu Sun Generation () Heung Yee Kuk () Hong Kong Island Federation () HTTH Environmental Concern Group () Kowloon East Community () Kowloon Federation of Associations () Fu Cheong Hung Estate Residents' Association () Kwun Tong Residents Association () Hong Kong People's Council on Housing Policy () Kowloon West New Dynamic () New Territories Association of Societies () New Territories West Residents Association () Hong Kong Tin Shui Wai Women Association () Luen Wo United () Lung Mun Concern Group () North District Blueprint () North of the Rings () Sai Kung Commons () Sha Tin Community Network () Sha Tin Community Vision () Shau Kei Wan East Future () Tai Po Sunwalker () Tsuen Wan Community Network () Tuen Mun Community () Tai Po Democratic Alliance () Tai Po Network of Democracy and Livelihood () Tin Shui Wai Connection () Tin Shui Wai Livelihood Progression Union () Tseung Kwan O Pioneers () Tseung Kwan O Shining () Tsing Yi Concern Group () Tsing Yi People () Tsuen Wan Dynamic for the People () Unity of San Hui ()
Electoral coalitions 7.1 United Front () A16 Alliance () ABC.P.A Academics In Support of Democracy () Action 9 () Alliance of Housing Department Staff Unions () ALLinHK Central and Western Democratic Power () Civic Passion–Proletariat Political Institute–Hong Kong Resurgence Order () Coalition of Hong Kong Newspaper and Magazine Merchant () Democrat Professionals Hong Kong () Democratic Accountants () Democratic Coalition for DC Election () Demo-Social 12/Demo-Social 60/Demo-Social Front () Doctors for Democracy () Engineers for Universal Suffrage () Gov.ALPS () Health Professionals for Democracy 30 () Hearts of Accountants () ICT Energy () IT Voice/IT Voice 2012/IT Vision O Superpower () People Power–League of Social Democrats () Progressive Social Work () Students United 2017 () Tertiary 2012 () Together for Social Welfare () User Voice () V18 Accountants () Vox Pop Welfare Empower Hong Kong () Win Win Hong Kong Accountants () Y5 Give Me Five () Your Vote Counts ()
Defunct
Former major parties The following are political parties or groups that have won at least a seat in legislative or municipal elections and have been dissolved. +PartyFoundedDissolvedCampIdeologyNote123 Democratic Alliance ()20 March 19943 December 2000Pro-Taiwan campBasic Law Article 45 Concern Group ()2003Pro-democracyTransformed into Civic PartyCo-operative Resources Centre ()12 December 199131 March 1993ConservativesTransformed into Liberal PartyCitizens Party ()4 May 19979 May 2008Pro-democracyCivic Party (公民黨)19 March 200627 May 2023Pro-democracyCivic Passion ()29 February 20123 September 2021LocalistsDemocratic Party ()2 October 199414 December 2025Pro-democracyLiberalism (HK)Demosistō ()10 April 201630 June 2020Pro-democracyDissolved after national security law imposedEconomic Synergy ()16 June 2009October 2012Pro-BeijingTransformed into Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong and effectively dissolvedFederation for the Stability of Hong Kong ()16 May 19914 June 2010Pro-BeijingConservatism (HK)Merged into Hong Kong Progressive AllianceHong Kong Affairs Society ()February 1984April 1990LiberalsLiberalism (HK)Merged into United Democrats of Hong KongHong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions ()29 July 19903 October 2021Pro-democracyHong Kong People's Council on Housing Policy ()19789 June 2019Pro-democracyPressure groupHong Kong Professional Teachers' Union ()197311 September 2021Pro-democracyTeacher's unionHong Kong Progressive Alliance ()7 July 199416 February 2005Pro-BeijingMerged into Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong KongLeague of Social Democrats ()1 October 200629 June 2025Pro-democracy Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong ()6 November 199026 May 1997ConservativesMerged into Hong Kong Progressive AllianceMeeting Point ()9 January 19832 October 1994LiberalsMerged into Democratic PartyNeo Democrats ()2 October 201026 June 2021Pro-democracyNew Hong Kong Alliance ()1 May 19891999ConservativesPeople Power ()3 April 2011November 2025Pro-democracyLocalism (HK) Radical democracy PopulismProfessional Forum ()19917 October 2012Pro-BeijingConservatism (HK) Economic liberalismTransformed into Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong KongProgressive Hong Kong Society ()14 February 19856 November 1990ConservativesConservatism (HK)Merged into Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong KongReform Club of Hong Kong ()20 January 19491995Liberalism (HK)Effectively dissolvedThe Frontier ()26 August 199623 November 2008Pro-democracyMerged into Democratic PartyUnited Ants ()1990sLiberalsUnited Democrats of Hong Kong ()23 April 19902 October 1994LiberalsLiberalism (HK)Merged into Democratic Party
Other dissolved parties Alliance for Universal Suffrage () Association for Democracy and Justice () Cheung Sha Wan Community Establishment Power () Community March () Community Sha Tin () Constitutional Reform Association of Hong Kong Democratic Alliance () Democratic Progressive Party of Hong Kong () Democratic Self-Government Party of Hong Kong () Frontline Doctors' Union () Hong Kong Alliance of Chinese and Expatriates () Hong Kong Citizen Forum () Hong Kong Forum () Hong Kong National Party () Hong Kong Observers () Hong Kong People's Association () Hong Kong Policy Viewers () Hong Kong Prospect Institute () Hong Kong Socialist Democratic Party () Kowloon City Observers () Kowloon Residents' Association () Liberal Democratic Party () New Hong Kong Society () New Territories West Residents Association () Power for Democracy () Public Affairs Society () Social Democratic Forum () Social Democratic Front () Team Chu Hoi Dick of New Territories West () Tin Shui Wai New Force () Tsz Wan Shan Constructive Power () Tuen Mun Community Network () United Front for the Service of the People () United Nations Association of Hong Kong () Victoria Social Association ()
See also Lists of political parties United front in Hong Kong United Front Work Department United front (China) List of political parties in the People's Republic of China List of political parties in the Republic of China List of political parties in Macau 2021 Hong Kong electoral changes
References