Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is the liquefied form of natural gas, which has a much smaller volume than natural gas in its gaseous form. This liquefied condition is used to facilitate the carriage of natural gas over long distances, often by sea, in specialized tanks.
LNG port terminals are purpose-built port terminals designed to accommodate large LNG carrier ships designed to load, carry and unload LNG. These LNG terminals are located adjacent to a gas liquefaction and storage plant (export), or to a gas regasification and storage plant (import), which are themselves connected to gas pipelines connected to on-shore or off-shore gas fields (export) or to storage and distribution plants (import).
Existing liquefaction terminals
Africa Plant name Location Country Startup date Capacity () CorporationArzew (CAMEL) GL4Z Trains 1–3 Algeria19640.3 × 3 = 0.9Sonatrach. Shutdown since April 2010.Arzew GL1Z Trains 1–6 Algeria19781.3 × 6 = 7.8SonatrachArzew GL2Z Trains 1–6 Algeria1981 1.4 × 6 = 8.4SonatrachArzew GL3Z Train 1 Algeria20134.7SonatrachSkikda GL K Phase 1 & 2 Trains 1–6 Algeria1972–1981Total 6.0 SonatrachSkikda GL1k Skikda Train 1 Algeria20134.5SonatrachEG LNG Malabo, Bioko Island Equatorial Guinea SEGAS LNG Damietta Egypt20045.5SEGAS LNGELNG IDCO LNG Egypt Nigeria LNG Bonny Nigeria1999Total 22NNPC LimitedAngola LNGSoyoAngola20135.2Hilli Episeyo FLNGCameroon20182.5Coral FLNGCabo Delgado ProvinceMozambique2022ENIGimi FLNGSenegal / Mauritania20252.5
Asia Malaysia LNG, Tanjung Kidurong, Bintulu, Malaysia Brunei LNG, Lumut, Brunei Arun, Indonesia Bangladesh Badak NGL, Indonesia Tangguh, Indonesia , Central Sulawesi, Indonesia RGTSU, Sungai Udang, Melaka, Malaysia
Russia
Sakhalin LNG, Sakhalin, Russia – (Sakhalin Energy Investment Company Ltd.) on the Yamal Peninsula, in Russia: Yamal LNG, in Sabetta Arctic LNG 2 Vysotsk LNG, near the Nord Stream 1 compressor station there. It started operation on two trains in September 2022.
Middle East ADGAS Oman LNG Qalhat LNG, OmanQalhatLNG.com Qatar LNG total production will increase from 77 million tonnes per annum(mtpa) in 2021(21% export market share) to 110 mtpa in 2026, then 126 mtpa in 2027.Qatar Petroleum signs deal for mega-LNG expansion Reuters，9 February 2021Global LNG export market share by country 2021 Statista，6 July 2022 QatarEnergy LNG Ras Laffan LNG plant, Ras Laffan, Qatar, see on a map ADGAS Plant, Das Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Yemen LNG (Total), Balhaf, Yemen
South America Peru LNG, Pampa Melchorita, Peru Tango FLNG, Argentina, 2019 Atlantic LNG, Trinidad and Tobago
Australia
# Plant name Location State Number of trains Capacity (mtpa) Joint venture Operated by 1 QLNG: Queensland Curtis LNG Curtis Island Queensland 2 8.5 JV BG Group 2 GLNG: Gladstone LNG Curtis Island Queensland 2 7.8 JV Santos Limited 3 APLNG: Australia Pacific LNG Curtis Island Queensland 2 9.0 ConocoPhillips and Origin Energy Origin Energy 4 Karratha Gas Plant Karratha Western Australia 5 16.3 North West Shelf Venture Woodside Energy 5 Pluto LNG Karratha Western Australia 1 4.3 JV Woodside Energy 6 Wheatstone LNG Barrow Island Western Australia 2 8.9 JV Chevron Corporation 7 Gorgon LNG Barrow Island Western Australia 3 15.6 JV Chevron Corporation 8 Ichthys Darwin Northern Territory 2 8.4 JV INPEX 9 DLNG : Darwin LNG Darwin Northern Territory 2 3.7 JV Santos Limited 10 Prelude FLNG Timor Sea Australia 3 3.6 JV Shell
Europe Hammerfest LNG, liquifies gas from the Snøhvit undersea field. Located at Hammerfest, Norway. Operated by Equinor. Risavika Liquefaction Plant, Risavika, Sola Municipality, Norway. Operated by North Sea Midstream Partners Limited (NSMP). Liquifies both natural gas and biogas by pipeline from Kårstø.
North America Canada:
LNG Canada, Kitimat, British Columbia Mexico: Costa Azul LNG near Ensenada, Baja California Solensa (small scale) near Monterrey United States: Kenai LNG, Nikiski, Alaska Cheniere Energy Sabine Pass terminal, Louisiana Cove Point LNG, Maryland terminal Cheniere Energy Corpus Christi terminal, Texas Freeport LNG terminal, Quintana Island, Texas Cameron LNG, Hackberry, Louisiana Southern LNG, Elba Island, Georgia Under construction:
Plaquemines Corpus Christie Stage III Golden Pass Rio Grande Port Arthur Woodfibre LNG Cedar LNG Fast LNG Altamira FLNG2 Energia Costa Azul
Existing regasification terminals
Argentina Bahia Blanca Gasport, YPF, 2008 GNL Escobar, ENARSA/YPF, 2011
Bangladesh
Moheshkhali floating LNG terminal, Excelerate Energy, 2018 Summit LNG, Summit Corporation, 2019
Belgium Zeebrugge LNG terminal, in Zeebrugge. Operated by Fluxys. Entered service in 1987, total storage capacity of 560,000 m3, 2 jetties and a regasification capacity of 9,000,000,000 m3 per year.
Brazil Pecém, State of Ceará Bahia LNG Regasification Terminal, Bay of All Saints, State of Bahia Guanabara Bay, State of Rio de Janeiro TPP Porto de Sergipe I, Barra dos Coqueiros, State of Sergipe. [Private Terminal]
Canada Saint John LNG, Saint John, New Brunswick
Chile
GNL, Quintero GNL, Mejillones
China Dapeng LNG Terminal, Shenzhen, Guangdong province Fujian LNG Terminal, Putian, Fujian province Shanghai LNG Terminal, Yangshan Port, Shanghai Dalian LNG Terminal, Dalian, Liaoning province Ningbo LNG Terminal, Ningbo, Zhejiang province Rudong LNG Terminal, Nantong, Jiangsu province Qidong LNG Terminal, Qidong, Jiangsu province Tangshan LNG Terminal, Caofeidian, Hebei province Tianjin LNG Terminal, Binhai New Area, Tianjin Tianjin LNG Terminal, Nangang Industrial Zone, Tianjin Zhuhai LNG Terminal, Zhuhai, Guangdong province Qingdao LNG Terminal, Jiaonan, Shandong province Shenzhen LNG Terminal, Shenzhen, Guangdong province Hainan LNG Terminal, Yangpu Economic Development Zone, Hainan Guangxi LNG Terminal, Beihai, Guangxi Zhoushan LNG Terminal, Zhoushan, Zhejiang province Dongguan LNG Terminal, Dongguan, Guangdong province Yuedong LNG Terminal, Jieyang, Guangdong province
Colombia
Sociedad Portuaria El Cayao LNG (SPEC), Cartagena de Indias.
Croatia
Krk LNG terminal
Dominican Republic AES-Andres LNG Terminal
Finland Inkoo LNG terminal, Finland's first marine LNG shipping terminal, situated near Ingå, Finland on the Gulf of Finland. Became operational in January 2023, ten months after the cutoff of Russian pipeline gas in the aftermath of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Can also be used to supply gas to the Baltic countries as well in the future via Balticconnector. Hamina, Hamina LNG terminal. Joint venture of Haminan Energia Oy, Alexela and Wärtsilä. The terminal offers truck loading and LNG ship bunkering as well as regasification for both local industry and the Finnish national gas grid. Full open market access begins on 1. October 2022. Pori, LNG terminal. Owner a Gasum company Skangas Oy (LNG regasification & LNG distribution) Manga LNG terminal, Röyttä, Tornio. Owners Outokumpu Oyj, SSAB Oy, Skangas Oy and EPV Energia Oy (LNG regasification & LNG distribution)
France in Fos-sur-Mer near Marseille. Operated by Fosmax LNG, a subsidiary of , itself a subsidiary of Engie. Entered service in 2010, total storage capacity of 330,000 m3, 1 jetty, and a regasification capacity of 8,250,000,000 m3 per year. in Fos-sur-Mer near Marseille. Operated by Elengy, a subsidiary of Engie. Entered service in 1972, total storage capacity of 150,000 m3, 1 jetty and a regasification capacity of 5,500,000,000 m3 per year. in Loon-Plage, near Dunkirk. Founded by Électricité de France (65%), Fluxys (25%) and Total S.A. (10%), and then changed in 2018 with the terminal being owned and operated by Dunkerque LNG, a company 61% owned by a consortium made up of Belgium gas infrastructure group Fluxys, AXA Investment Managers-Real Assets, and Crédit Agricole Assurances, and 39% owned by a consortium of Korean investors led by IPM Group in cooperation with Samsung Asset Management. Entered service in 2017, total storage capacity of 600,000 m3, 2 jetties, and a regasification capacity of 13,000,000,000 m3 per year. , in Montoir-de-Bretagne near Nantes. Operated by Elengy, a subsidiary of Engie. Entered service in 1980, total storage capacity of 360,000 m3, 2 jetties, and a regasification capacity of 10,000,000,000 m3 per year.
Germany Lubmin LNG terminals Wilhelmshaven LNG terminal
Greece
Revithoussa LNG Terminal, on Revithoussa island near Athens. Operated by DESFA, a subsidiary of DEPA. Entered service in 1999, total storage capacity of 225,000 m3, 1 jetty, and a regasification capacity of 12,200,000,000 m3 per year.
India Bhavnagar CNG Terminal, world's first CNG terminal Chennai LNG Terminal Konkan LNG Private Limited, Dabhol, Maharashtra, 5 million tonnes per year and 12 million tonnes per year by 2025. Dahej Terminal, Petronet LNG Ltd, Gujarat – 15 million tonnes per year and 17.5 million tonnes per year by 2018 end. Dhamra LNG Terminal Ennore LNG Terminal Krishnapatnam FSRU GAIL Kakinada FSRU Hazira Terminal, Shell Ltd, Gujarat – 5 million tonnes per year Kochi Terminal, Petronet LNG Ltd. – 5 million tonnes per year Mundra Terminal, GSPC LNG Ltd. – 5 million tonnes per year (Chennai) Terminal, INDIAN OIL LNG(Joint venture of Indian Oil Corporation) – 5 million tonnes per year https://www.indianoillng.com/ Jaigarh LNG Terminal, First FSRU Terminal, H-Energy H-Energy Swan Energy LNG Terminal, Bhankodar, Gujarat Chhara LNG Terminal (HPLNG) – 5 mmtpa (https://www.hplng.in/index) Dhamra LNG Terminal (DLTPL, Adani-Total)
Israel
Hadera Deepwater LNG Terminal, INGL, 2013
Italy
Adriatic LNG Terminal, offshore near Rovigo. Operated by ExxonMobil (70,7%), QatarEnergy (22%), Snam (7,3%). Entered service in 2009, total storage capacity of 250,000 m3, 1 jetty, and a regasification capacity of 9,000,000,000 m3 per year. , near La Spezia. Operated by , a subsidiary of Snam. Entered service in 1971, total storage capacity of 100,000 m3, 1 jetty, and a regasification capacity of 3,864,000,000 m3 per year. , offshore near Livorno. Operated by OLT Offshore (a joint venture of Iren (company) (49.07%), Uniper (48.24%), and Golar LNG (2.69%)). Entered service in 2013, total storage capacity of 137,100 m3, 1 jetty, and an authorized regasification capacity of 3,750,000,000 m3 per year.
Japan
Tōhoku region and Hokkaido region Shin Minato LNG terminal, Sendai Gas, 0.08M m3, opened 1997 Hachinohe LNG terminal (Re-shipment), Nippon Oil, 0.04M m3, open 2006 Hakodate LNG terminal (Re-shipment), open 2006 Chūbu region Higashi Niigata LNG terminal, Tohoku Electric, 0.72M m3, open 1984 Sodeshi LNG terminal, Shimizu LNG and Shizuoka Gas, 0.177M m3, open 1996 Chita Kyodo LNG terminal, Chubu Electric and Toho Gas, 0.3M m3, open 1977 Chita LNG terminal, Chita LNG, Chubu Electric and Toho Gas, 0.64M m3, open 1983 Yokkaichi LNG Centre, Toho Gas, 0.32M m3, open 1987 Yokkaichi Works LNG terminal, Chubu Electric, 0.16M m3, open 1991 Kawagoe LNG terminal, Chubu Electric, 0.48M m3, open 1997 Chita Midorihama LNG terminal, Toho Gas, 0.2M m3, open 2001 Joetsu LNG terminal, Chubu Electric, 0.54M m3, open 2011 Naoetsu LNG terminal, Inpex, 0.36M m3, open 2013 Kantō region Futtsu LNG terminal, Tokyo Electric, 1.11M m3, open 1985 Sodegaura LNG terminal, Tokyo Electric and Tokyo Gas, 2.66M m3, open 1973 Higashi Ohgishima LNG terminal, Tokyo Electric, 0.54M m3, open 1984 Ohgishima LNG terminal, Tokyo Gas, 0.6M m3, open 1998 Negishi LNG terminal, Tokyo Electric and Tokyo Gas, 1.25M m3, open 1969 Kansai region Senboku 1 LNG terminal, Osaka Gas, 0.18M m3, open 1972 Senboku 2 LNG terminal, Osaka Gas, 1.51M m3, open 1972 Himeji LNG terminal, Osaka Gas, 0.52M m3, open 1977 Himeji Joint LNG terminal, Osaka Gas and Kansai Electric, 1.44M m3, open 1984 Sakai LNG terminal, Sakai LNG and Kansai Electric and Iwatani Corporation and Cosmo Oil, 0.56M m3, open 2010 Shikoku region Sakaide LNG terminal, Shikoku Electric Power, 0.18M m3, open 2010 Chūgoku region