Crassispira is a genus of small predatory sea snails with narrow, high-spired shells, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pseudomelatomidae.MolluscaBase (2018). Crassispira Swainson, 1840. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=224467 on 2018-04-21 They first appeared in the fossil record approximately 48.6 million years ago during the Eocene epoch, and still exist in the present day.
Taxonomy The small blackish "Drillias" so common in Panamic waters, of which Pleurotoma bottae Valenciennes is the type, were brought under the name of Crassispira Swainson, 1840 by W.H. Dall in 1918. W.H. Dall (1918) Notes on the nomenclature of the mollusks of the family Turritidae; Proceedings of The United States National Museum v. 54 (1918)
Description Most species in this genus have a tall spire and a truncated anterior canal. The ribs are overridden by spirals, forming beads or nodules. Under the subsutural keel is the sinus area which is rather smooth.De Jong K.M. & Coomans H.E. (1988) Marine gastropods from Curaçao, Aruba and Bonaire. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 261 pp.
The small shell is subclavate and tuberculated. The spire is thick and lengthened. The outer lip shows a slight sinus above and is thickened internally at the top and the bottom. The top of the inner lip has a thick pad. The basal channel is slightly defined.a Swainson, Treatise on malacology, p. 313.
The shell is medium-sized. The aperture is moderately long and wide, scarcely contracted at the base, forming a suggestion of a siphonal canal, moderately emarginate at the base. The siphonal fasciole is slightly bulging. The body whorl is varicose near the outer lip. A distinctive feature is the deep anal sinus, which is usually located on a subsutural ramp and is often bordered by a raised rib or fasciole. The apex is semicircular and lies some distance from the suture below thread on the anal fasciole. The base of outer lip bears a very shallow, broad sinus, or stromboid notch. The inner lip is detached. The parietal callus is thickened adjoining the anal sinus. The sculpture consists of narrow axial ribs, between which the spiral threads or grooves. The anal fasciole bears a strong spiral cord. (Based on original figures, Kiener, Coquilles vivantes, Pleurotoma, pp. 33–34, pi. 15, fig. 2, 1839.) J. Gardner, the molluscan fauna of the alum bluff group of Florida - USGS .(1947)
The shell has a strong subsutural collar, a moderately narrow but strongly concave subsutural slope, strong axial ribs that do not cross the subsutural slope, and strong spiral threads between the axial ribs.F.S. MacNeil (1960), Tertiary and Quaternary Gastropoda of Okinawa; Professional Paper 339; USGS
Species Species within the genus Crassispira are numerous. According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), they include:WoRMS : Crassispira.
Crassispira abdera (Dall, 1919) † Crassispira abundans Conrad, 1840 † Crassispira acuticosta (Nyst, 1845) Crassispira adana (Bartsch, 1950) † Crassispira aegis Woodring, 1928 Crassispira aequatorialis Thiele, 1925 Crassispira affinis (Reeve, 1846) Crassispira albobrunnea Horro, Gori, Rosado & Rolán, 2021 Crassispira angelettii Bozzetti, 2008 † Crassispira angulosa (Deshayes, 1834) † Crassispira annella Woodring, 1928 Crassispira ansonae Wells, 1990 Crassispira apicata (Reeve, 1845) Crassispira appressa (Carpenter, 1864) Crassispira apta Thiele, 1925 † Crassispira armoricensis (Cossmann, 1896) † Crassispira aster Lozouet, 2015 Crassispira asthenes Faber, 2007 Crassispira aurea Kantor et al. 2017 Crassispira ballenaensis Hertlein & Strong, 1951 † Crassispira balnearum (Boussac, 1911) † Crassispira bataviana Martin, 1895 Crassispira bernardi Fernandes et al., 1995 † Crassispira berthelini (de Boury, 1899) Crassispira bifurca (Smith E. A., 1888) † Crassispira birmanica Vredenburg, 1921 Crassispira blanquilla Fallon, 2011 † Crassispira boadicea (Dall, 1900) † Crassispira borealis (Kautsky, 1925) Crassispira bottae (Valenciennes in Kiener, 1840) Crassispira bridgesi Dall, 1919 † Crassispira brocchii (Bellardi & Michelotti, 1841) Crassispira bruehli Stahlschmidt & Fraussen, 2014 Crassispira brujae Hertlein & Strong, 1951 † Crassispira calligona (Maury, 1910) Crassispira callosa (Kiener, 1840) Crassispira cana Fallon, 2011 Crassispira candelae Horro, Gori, Rosado & Rolán, 2021 † Crassispira capella Olsson, 1930 Crassispira carbonaria (Reeve, 1843) Crassispira cerithina (Anton, 1838) Crassispira cerithoidea (Carpenter, 1857) Crassispira chacei Hertlein & Strong, 1951 Crassispira chazaliei (Dautzenberg, 1900) Crassispira coelata (Hinds, 1843) Crassispira comasi Fernández-Garcés & Rolán, 2010 † Crassispira conica Jung, 1965 Crassispira consociata (E.A. Smith, 1877) † Crassispira constricta Vredenburg, 1921 † Crassispira contabulata Cossmann, 1889 Crassispira coracina McLean & Poorman, 1971 Crassispira cortezi Shasky & Campbell, 1964 Crassispira cubana (Melvill, 1923) Crassispira currani McLean & Poorman, 1971 † Crassispira cymation Woodring, 1970 † Crassispira daguini (Peyrot, 1931) † Crassispira dalabeensis Vredenburg, 1921 † Crassispira danjouxii (Baudon, 1853) † Crassispira degrangei (Peyrot, 1931) † Crassispira detrita (Peyrot, 1938) Crassispira dhofarensis Horro, Gori, Rosado & Rolán, 2021 Crassispira discoloris Horro, Gori, Rosado & Rolán, 2021 Crassispira discors (Sowerby I, 1834) Crassispira dysoni (Reeve, 1846) Crassispira elatior (C. B. Adams, 1845) Crassispira epicasta Dall, 1919 Crassispira erigone Dall, 1919 † Crassispira erronea Cossmann, 1902 Crassispira eurynome Dall, 1919 † Crassispira finitima (de Boury, 1899) Crassispira flavescens (Reeve, 1843) Crassispira flavocarinata (Smith E. A., 1882) Crassispira flavocincta (C. B. Adams, 1850) Crassispira flavonodulosa (Smith E. A., 1879) Crassispira funebralis Fernandes et al., 1995 † Crassispira furcata (Lamarck, 1804)Le Renard (J.) & Pacaud (J.-M.), 1995 Révision des Mollusques paléogènes du Bassin de Paris. 2 - Liste des références primaires des espèces. Cossmanniana, t. 3, vol. 3, p. 65-132 Crassispira fuscescens (Reeve, 1843) Crassispira fuscobrevis Rolán, Ryall & Horro, 2007 Crassispira fuscocincta (C. B. Adams, 1850) † Crassispira girgillus Dolfus, 1899 † Crassispira glaphyrella (Cossmann & Pissarro, 1900) † Crassispira granulata (Lamarck, 1804) Crassispira greeleyi (Dall, 1901) † Crassispira grignonensis (Cossmann, 1889) † Crassispira guayana Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941 Crassispira guildingii (Reeve, 1845) Crassispira hanleyi (Carpenter, 1857) Crassispira harfordiana (Reeve, 1843) Crassispira harpularia (Desmoulins, 1842) † Crassispira hataii MacNeil, 1960 † Crassispira hispaniolae (Maury, 1917) Crassispira hondurasensis (Reeve, 1846) Crassispira hosoi (Okutani, 1964) † Crassispira hypermeces (Cossmann, 1889)Cossmann (M.), 1889 - Catalogue illustré des coquilles fossiles de l'Éocène des environs de Paris (4ème fascicule). Annales de la Société royale Malacologique de Belgique, t. 24, p. 3-385 Crassispira incrassata (Sowerby I, 1834) † Crassispira inflexa (Lamarck, 1804) Crassispira integra Thiele, 1925 † Crassispira iravadica Vredenburg, 1921 † Crassispira ischnomorpha (Cossmann & Pissarro, 1900) † Crassispira jamaicense Guppy, 1866 † Crassispira kachhensis Vredenburg, 1925 † Crassispira kamaensis Vredenburg, 1921 Crassispira kluthi Jordan, 1936 † Crassispira labroplicata (Cossmann, 1896) Crassispira laevisulcata Von Maltzan, 1883 † Crassispira lagouardensis Lozouet, 2015 Crassispira latiriformis (Melvill, 1923) Crassispira latizonata (Smith E. A., 1882) Crassispira lavanonoensis Bozzetti, 2008 † Crassispira lavillei (de Boury, 1899) † Crassispira lepta (Edwards, 1861) † Crassispira lesbarritzensis Lozouet, 2015 Crassispira lirae Horro, Gori, Rosado & Rolán, 2021 † Crassispira logani Dey, 1961 † Crassispira lomata Woodring, 1928 † Crassispira losquemadica (Maury, 1917) † Crassispira lozoueti (Tucker & Le Renard, 1993) † Crassispira lyopleura McNeil, 1984 Crassispira mackintoshi Fallon, 2011 † Crassispira maonisriparum (Maury, 1917) † Crassispira margaritula (Deshayes, 1834) Crassispira martiae McLean & Poorman, 1971 Crassispira masinoi Fallon, 2011 Crassispira maura (Sowerby I, 1834) † Crassispira mausseneti (Cossmann, 1889) Crassispira mayaguanaensis Fallon, 2011 † Crassispira mekranica Vredenburg, 1925 Crassispira melonesiana (Dall & Simpson, 1901) Crassispira mennoi Jong & Coomans, 1988 † Crassispira meunieri (Maury, 1910) Crassispira microstoma Smith, 1882 † Crassispira mindegyiensi Vredenburg, 1921 Crassispira monilecosta Fernandes et al., 1995 Crassispira monteiroi Horro, Gori, Rosado & Rolán, 2021 Crassispira montereyensis (Stearns, 1871) Crassispira multicostata Fallon, 2011 † Crassispira myaukmigonensis Vredenburg, 1921 † Crassispira nana (Deshayes, 1834) Crassispira nigerrima (Sowerby I, 1834) Crassispira nigrescens (C. B. Adams, 1845) Crassispira nina Thiele, 1925 † Crassispira nodulosa (Lamarck, 1804) † Crassispira obliquata (Cossmann, 1889) Crassispira ochrobrunnea Melvill, 1923 † Crassispira octocrassicosta Lozouet, 2017 Crassispira oliva Fernandes et al., 1995 † Crassispira oxyacrum (Cossmann, 1889)Cossmann (M.), 1889 Catalogue illustré des coquilles fossiles de l'Éocène des environs de Paris (4ème fascicule). Annales de la Société royale Malacologique de Belgique, t. 24, p. 3-385 † Crassispira passaloides (Cossmann, 1902) Cossmann (M.), 1902 Catalogue illustré des coquilles fossiles de l'Éocène des environs de Paris (3ème appendice). Annales de la Société royale Malacologique de Belgique, t. 36, p. 9-110 Crassispira pellisphocae (Reeve, 1845) † Crassispira perrugata Dall, 1890 Crassispira pini Fernandes et al., 1995 † Crassispira plateaui (Cossmann, 1889)Cossmann (M.) & Pissarro (G.), 1913 - Iconographie complète des coquilles fossiles de l'Éocène des environs de Paris, t. 2, p. pl. 46-65 † Crassispira plioibericostricta Brunetti & Forli, 2021 † Crassispira plioparvula Vera-Peláez, 2002 Crassispira pluto Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932 † Crassispira ponida Woodring, 1928 Crassispira premorra (Dall, 1889) Crassispira procera Kantor et al., 2017 † Crassispira promensis Noetling, 1901 † Crassispira propeangulosa (Cossmann, 1889) Crassispira pseudocarbonaria Nolf, 2009 † Crassispira pseudoglabra Brunetti & Forli, 2021 Crassispira pseudocarinata (Reeve, 1845) † Crassispira pseudodanjouxi Brébion, 1992 † Crassispira pseudoprincipalis (Yokoyama, 1920) Crassispira pulchrepunctata Stahlschmidt & Bozzetti, 2007 Crassispira quadrifasciata (Reeve, 1845) † Crassispira quoniamensis (Boussac in Périer, 1941)Périer (S.), 1941 Contribution à l'étude du Ludien du Bassin de Paris. La faune des marnes à Pholadomya ludensis, p. 1-30 † Crassispira raricostulata (Deshayes, 1865)Le Renard (J.) & Pacaud (J.-M.), 1995 - Révision des Mollusques paléogènes du Bassin de Paris. 2 - Liste des références primaires des espèces. Cossmanniana, t. 3, vol. 3, p. 65-132 Crassispira recurvirostrata Kuroda, 1972 Crassispira rhythmica Melvill, 1927 † Crassispira ritanida Mansfield, 1925 Crassispira rubidofusca (Schepman, 1913) Crassispira rudis (Sowerby I, 1834) Crassispira rugitecta (Dall, 1918) Crassispira rustica (Sowerby I, 1834) Crassispira sacerdotalis Rolan & Fernandes, 1992 Crassispira safagaensis Kilburn & Dekker, 2008 † Crassispira sanctistephani Lozouet, 2017 Crassispira sandrogorii Ryall, Horro & Rolán, 2009 Crassispira sanibelensis Bartsch & Rehder, 1939 Crassispira scala Kantor et al., 2017 Crassispira schillingi (Weinkauff & Kobelt, 1876) † Crassispira seiuncta (Bellardi, 1877) † Crassispira semicolon (Sowerby I, 1816) Crassispira semigranosa (Reeve, 1846) Crassispira sinensis (Hinds, 1843) Crassispira soamanitraensis Bozzetti, 2008