Cynolebias is a genus of freshwater annual killifish in the family Rivulidae. They are endemic to northeastern Brazil, generally in temporary waters such as ponds in the Caatinga and adjacent regions. By far the highest species richness is in the São Francisco River basin, but there are also species east and north of this system, and west as far as the Tocantins River basin.Costa, W. J. E. M. (2014): Six new species of seasonal killifishes of the genus Cynolebias from the São Francisco river basin, Brazilian Caatinga, with notes on C. porosus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (1): 79-96. Many species have rather small distributions and some are highly threatened.
They are small thickset fish, up to in total length depending on the exact species.
Species The currently recognized species in this genus are:
Cynolebias albipunctatus W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 1991 Cynolebias altus W. J. E. M. Costa, 2001 Cynolebias attenuatus W. J. E. M. Costa, 2001 Cynolebias gibbus W. J. E. M. Costa, 2001 Cynolebias gilbertoi W. J. E. M. Costa, 1998 Cynolebias griseus W. J. E. M. Costa, Lacerda & G. C. Brasil, 1990 Cynolebias itapicuruensis W. J. E. M. Costa, 2001 Cynolebias leptocephalus W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 1993 Cynolebias microphthalmus W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 1995 Cynolebias obscurus W. J. E. M. Costa, 2014 Cynolebias ochraceus W. J. E. M. Costa, 2014 Cynolebias oticus W. J. E. M. Costa, 2014 Cynolebias paraguassuensis W. J. E. M. Costa, Suzart & D. T. B. Nielsen, 2007 Cynolebias parietalis W. J. E. M. Costa, 2014 Cynolebias parnaibensis W. J. E. M. Costa, T. P. A. Ramos, Alexandre & R. T. C. Ramos, 2010 Cynolebias perforatus W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 1991 Cynolebias porosus Steindachner, 1876 Cynolebias rectiventer W. J. E. M. Costa, 2014 Cynolebias roseus W. J. E. M. Costa, 2014 Cynolebias vazabarrisensis W. J. E. M. Costa, 2001
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