List of brown dwarfs

This is a list of notable brown dwarfs. These are objects that have masses between heavy gas giants and low-mass stars. The first isolated brown dwarf discovered was Teide 1 in 1995. The first brown dwarf discovered orbiting a star was Gliese 229 B, also discovered in 1995. The first brown dwarf found to have a planet was 2M1207, discovered in 2004. , more than 2,800 brown dwarfs have been identified. An isolated object with less than about 13 Jupiter masses is technically a sub-brown dwarf or rogue planet.

Because the mass of a brown dwarf is between that of a planet and that of a star, they have also been called planetars or hyperjovians. Various catalog designations have been used to name brown dwarfs. Brown dwarfs with names ending in a letter such as B, C, or D are in orbit around a primary star; those with names ending in a lower-case letter such as b, c, or d, may be exoplanets (see Exoplanet naming convention).

Some exoplanets, especially those detected by radial velocity, can turn out to be brown dwarfs if their mass is higher than originally thought: most have only known minimum masses because the inclination of their orbit is not known. Examples include HD 114762 b (>11.68 MJ), Pi Mensae b (>10.312 MJ), and NGC 2423-3 b (>10.6 MJ).

A complete list of more than 3,000 ultracool dwarfs, which includes brown dwarfs and low-mass stars, is being maintained by astronomers. It is called the UltracoolSheet. The same team also produced a list of 1,000 ultracool dwarfs with their mass being determined.

Confirmed brown dwarfs orbiting primary stars

Sorted by increasing right ascension of the parent star. Brown dwarfs within a system sorted by increasing orbital period.

Some brown dwarfs listed could still be massive planets.

Star Constellation Rightascension Declination App.mag. Distance (ly) Spectraltype Brown dwarf Mass(MJ) Radius(RJ) Orbitalperiod(d) Semimajoraxis(AU) Ecc. Discoveryyear 54 Piscium Pisces 5.88 36.1 K0V+T7.5 B 45.96 ±4.05 0.85 476 2006 81 Cancri Cancer 6.77 66 G9V+L8CD 880 2001HD 63754Puppis 6.55163.6G0V + L/Tb81.90.8626,79116.90.262024 CT Chamaeleontis Chamaeleon 12.36 538 K7+M8 b 17 2.2 440 2008HD 984Cetus7 .32149.1F7Vb611.57651,100280.762015 Eta Coronae Borealis Corona Borealis 5.02 58.3 G2+G2+L8 C 44.00 ±6.46 0.95 3,600 2010 G 196-3 Ursa Major 11.77 50.2 M2.5+L3β b 31.66 ±7.19 1.18 300 1998 Gliese 570 Libra 5.64 19.0 K4V+M1V+M3V D 32.54 ±6.01 0.93 1,500 2000 GU Piscium Pisces 13.1 155.3 M3V+T3.5 b 11 2,000 2006 HD 89744 Ursa Major 5.74 126.2 F7IV B 2000 HD 100546 Musca 6.70 337.25 B9Vne b 20 6.5? 2005 HN Pegasi Pegasus 58.3 G0V+T2.5 B 17.06 ±6.91.14 795 2006 UScoCTIO 108 Scorpius 473 M7 b 14 670 2007 HD 41004 B Pictor 12.33 139 K1IV+M2 b 18.4 1.3283 0.0177 0.081 2004 CoRoT-15 Monoceros 22 F7V b63.41.123.060360.0450 2010 Xi Ursae Majoris B Ursa Major 4.73 25.11 F8.5V b 37 3.98 0.06 0 1931 Upsilon Andromedae Andromeda 4.63 43.9 F8V Samh 13.98 237.7 0.822 0.224 1999 Gliese 758 Lyra 6.36 51.9 G8V+T9 B 23 96 21 2009 Tau Geminorum Gemini 4.40 302 K2III b 18.1 305 2004 HAT-P-13 Ursa Major 10.62 698 G4 c 15.2 428.5 1.186 0.691 2009 HD 16760 Perseus 8.74 163 G5V b 14.3 465.1 1.13 0.067 2009 HD 13189 Triangulum 7.57 603.4 K2II b 14 471.6 1.85 0.28 2005 HD 8673 Andromeda 6.31 124.75 F7V b 14 639 1.58 2005 Gliese 569 Boötes 10.2 31.5 M3V+M8.5 Ba + Bb 116 870 0.87 0.317 1988 HD 29587 Perseus 7.29 146.77 G2V b 40 1,471.7 2.5 0.37 1996 ChaHα8 Chamaeleon 20.1 522 M6.5 b 18 1,590.9 1 0.49 2007 CoRoT-20 Monoceros 14.66 4000 G2V c 171,6752.90.6 2010 HD 168443 Serpens 6.92 123.5 G5 c 34 1,739.5 2.87 0.228 2001 HD 38529 A Orion 5.94 138 G4IV c 37 2,174.3 3.68 0.36 2002 Epsilon Indi Indus 4.69 11.8 K5V+T1V+T6V Bb 28 5,478.75 2.65 2003 HW Virginis Virgo 10.9 590 sdB+M b 19.23 5,786 5.30 0.46 2008 DT Virginis Virgo 9.72 37.55 M0V+T8.5p c 10.29 ±2.46 1.15 33,081 1100 2010 HD 4113 Sculptor 7.88 136 G5V+T9 C 60 73,00020 2006 Gliese 229 Lepus 8.14 19 M1V+T6.5 B 40 73,050 40 1995 TYC 9486-927-1 Octans 11.82 111 M1V+L3γ 2MASS J2126-8140 13.3 ± 1.7 328,725,000 6,900 2009 Epsilon Indi Indus 4.69 11.8 K5V+T1V+T6V Ba 47 1,532,899.8 2003 HD 131664 Apus 8.13 180.8 G3V b 18.15 1,951 3.17 0.638 2008 HD 136118 Serpens 6.94 171 F9V b 42 1,209 1.45 0.352 2002 HD 140913 Corona Borealis 8.07 156.42 G0V b 46 147.94 0.54 0.61 1996 GQ Lupi Lupus 11.4 400 K7eV+M9e b 103 2005 HD 162020 Scorpius 9.18 101.95 K2V b 15.0 8.428198 0.0751 0.277 2000 Nu Ophiuchi Ophiuchus 3.33 152.8 K0III b 21.9 536 0.13 2004 HD 164427 Telescopium 6.89 127.52 G4IV b 46 108.55 0.46 0.55 2000 SCR 1845-6357 Pavo 17.4 12.57 M8.5V B 40-50 4.1 2006 COROT-3 Aquila 13.3 2220 G0V b 21.66 1.01 4.2568 0.057 0 2008V921 ScorpiiScorpius11.04833B0IVeb608352019 15 Sagittae Sagitta 5.80 57.7 G1V+L4-5 B 65 14 2002 Zeta Delphini Delphinus 4.65 220 A3V+L5 B 55 910 2014 HD 202206 Capricornus 8.08 151.14 G6V b 17.4 255.87 0.83 0.435 2000Koenigstuhl1Phoenix 15.387.4M5.5V+L0.6VB51.88 ±3.61.182,083.41998HD 126053Virgo 6.356.9G1+T8pB34.29 ±18.380.912,630201247 OphiuchiOphiuchus 4.5105.3F3+L5.5B69.66 ±0.880.938,8502014Wolf 1130Cygnus 13.954.1sdM3+ONe+sdT8C44.90.823,1502013

Confirmed brown dwarf orbiting stellar remnants A stellar remnant can be for example a white dwarf, a pulsar or a black hole. Objects with a mass of a brown dwarf, but with a history of mass-transfer might not be brown dwarfs. If they exist as a period bouncer around a white dwarf they are thought to once have been stars and are today "brown dwarf-like objects". Objects around black widow pulsars on the other hand are thought to be white dwarfs that lost mass to the pulsar and therefore will differ in composition and density compared to brown dwarfs. This list is sorted after the discovery year. Star Constellation Rightascension Declination App.mag. Distance (ly) Spectraltype Brown dwarf Mass(MJ) Radius(RJ) Orbitalperiod(d) Semimajoraxis(AU) Ecc. Discoveryyear GD 165 Boötes 14.6 103 D4A+L4 B 76.12 ±1.04 0.91 123 1988WD 0137-349Sculptor 15.33330DA+L8B530.08030.003002006PHL 5038Aquarius 17.3240DAZ+L8-9B73662006SDSS J1433 (mass transfer)Boötes 18.9760WD+L1B58 ±80.0542008/2016SDSS 1557Serpens 18.6500DAZ+L4B0.0950.0032011/2017QZ Librae (mass transfer)Libra 18.8649WD+T?B25-610.0642018BW Sculptoris (mass transfer)Sculptor 16.5305D+TB53.4 ±6.30.0540.00271997/2023

Unconfirmed brown dwarfs

Sorted by increasing right ascension of the parent star. Brown dwarfs within a system sorted by increasing orbital period.

Some brown dwarfs listed could still be massive planets.

Star Constellation Rightascension Declination App.mag. Distance (ly) Spectraltype Brown dwarf Mass(MJ) Radius(RJ) Orbitalperiod(d) Semimajoraxis(AU) Ecc. Discovery year CM Draconis Draco 12.90 48 M4 b 64 73 0.27 1998 BD+20°2457 Leo 9.75 652 K2II b 21.42 379.63 1.45 0.15 2009 HD 3346 Andromeda 5.16 655.58 K5III c 60 650 2.5 1996 HD 104304 Virgo 5.54 42.1 G9 b 17.2 2,752 0.38 2007 HD 154857 Ara 7.25 220 G5V c 18.4 2,900 >0.25 2007 Gliese 22 B Cassiopeia 10.38 326 M2.5V b 16 ~5,500 0 2008

Field brown dwarfs

Data updated from and merged from previous tables

Brown dwarf Constellation Rightascension Declination App.mag. Distance (ly) Spectraltype Mass(MJ) Radius(RJ) Discoveryyear 2MASS 0036+1821Pisces12.4728.6L3.5420.942000 CFBDS J005910.90–011401.3Cetus18.0830T8.5232013 DENIS-P J020529.0−115925ACetus65L5.51997 DENIS-P J020529.0−115925BCetus65L81997 DENIS-P J020529.0−115925CCetus65T01997 2MASS J02431371−2453298Fornax35T6330.992002 WISE J0254+0223Cetus16.0124T8651.9n/a DEN 0255-4700Eridanus22.9216.2L8800.972006 LP 944-20Fornax10.72520.9M9β731.43n/a 2MASP J0345432+25402388L0741.051997 Teide 1Taurus380M8553.781995 2MASS J03552337+1133437Taurus14.0529.8L5γ201.322006 2MASS J04151954−0935066Eridanus15.718.6T8300.952002 Eridanus29.5L6.5480.972003 2MASS J04414489+2301513470M8.5192010 2MASS J0523−1403Lepus40L2.5681.01n/a 2MASS 0532+8246Camelopardalis81L7832018 UGPS J072227.51-054031.2Monoceros13.4T9260.982010 DENIS J081730.0-615520Carina13.616.1T6440.942010 DENIS J082303.1−491201AVela67L1.5442006 DENIS J082303.1−491201BVela67L5.5282006 2MASSW J0920122+351742Lynx95L6.52000 2MASSI J0937347+293142Leo20.0T6p420.942002 2MASS 0939−2448Antlia16.8317.4T8320.952005 Luhman 16BVela6.516T1431.022013 Luhman 16AVela6.516L8401.012013 DENIS-P J1058.7−1548Crater14.15549L3641.001997 Cha 110913-773444Chamaeleon21.59163L81.82005 OTS 44Chamaeleon554M9.5V152005 2MASS J11145133−2618235Hydra15.8618.2T7.5330.962005 DENIS-P J1228.2-1547Corvus14.3866L51999 2M 1237+6526Draco16.0545.6T6.5410.942003 Kelu-1AHydra61L2630.981997 Kelu-1BHydra61L4580.981997 LHS 2924Boötes19.7438.5M9V761.06 CFBDSIR 1458+10ABoötes19.83104T911.11.52010 CFBDSIR 1458+10BBoötes21.85104Y091.32010 TVLM 513-46546Boötes15.0935.1M8.5V751.05n/a 2MASS 1503+2525Boötes20.7T5440.942003 2MASS 1507−1627Libra1923.9L5600.992000 SDSSp J162414.37+002915.6Serpens36T6430.941999 LSR J1835+3259Lyra18.2718.5M8.5771.072003 PSO J318.5−22Capricornus80L7VL-G6.51.532013 2MASS J21392676+0220226Aquarius14.7132.1T1.5460.96n/a 2MASS J22282889-4310262Grus15.6635T6420.942013 WISE 0146+4234Andromeda18.7120.5Y02010 WISE 0226-0211Cetus18.9491T72010 WISE 0313+7807Cepheus17.6528T8.52010 WISE 0316+4307Perseus106.3T82010 WISE 0350-5658Reticulum22.817.7Y12010 WISE 0359-5401Reticulum21.5619.2Y02010 WISE 0410+1502Taurus19.2520Y061.172010 WISE 0458+6434ACamelopardalis17.5035.9T8.5154.22010 WISE 0458+6434BCamelopardalis18.4835.9T9.5103.82010 WISE 0535-7500Mensa21.147Y12010 WISE 0607+2429Gemini14.2225.4L82010 WISE 0647-6232Pictor22.6528Y12010 WISE 0713-2917Canis Major19.6423.2Y02010 WISE 0734-7157Volans20.4134.9Y02010 WISE 1217+1626AComa Berenices18.5934.2T9122010 WISE 1217+1626BComa Berenices20.2634.2Y062010 WISE 1405+5534Ursa Major20.225.3Y0 pec300.862010 WISE 1506+7027Ursa Minor14.3311.1T62010 WISE 1541-2250Libra21.1620Y0.52010 WISE 1639-6847Triangulum Australe16.3Y02010 WISE 1711+3500Hercules17.8960.3T82010 WISE 1738+2732Hercules19.4720Y02010 WISE 1741+2553Hercules16.5318.9T92010 WISE 1828+2650Lyra23.5736Y22010 WISE 1841+7000Draco17.24131.1T52010 WISE 1952+7240Draco15.0944.4T42010 WISE 2056+1459Delphinus19.2124.5Y02010 WISE 2220-3628Grus20.3826.4Y02010 WISEA 1101+5400 Ursa Major 11h 01m 25.95s +54° 00′ 52.8″ 111 T5.5 2017 2M1510 Libra 15h 10m 47.47s −28° 18′ 18.3″ 120 M9γ+M9γ 2002

Former brown dwarfs

List of brown dwarfs

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