Swartzia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. Swartzia is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, where it occurs primarily in lowland rainforests, but also in savannas, pre-montane forests, and tropical dry forests. While it can be found throughout the wet lowlands from Mexico and the Caribbean islands to southern Brazil and Bolivia, Swartzia is most abundant and species-rich in Amazonia, where 10–20 species may co-occur at a single site. The species of Swartzia are mostly trees, ranging from small understory treelets to large canopy emergents. Some species, especially in savannas, are mult-stemmed shrubs.
Fossil record Many Swartzia fossils from the middle Eocene epoch are known from the United States. 5 fossil dehiscent seed pods and 50 fossil leaflets have been described from the Warman and Lawrence clay pits in Weakley and the Henry Counties, Tennessee. In addition 6 leaflets have been described from the New Lawrence and Miller clay pits in Henry County, Tennessee.The Fossil History of Leguminosae from the Eocene of Southeastern North America by Patrick S. Herendeen, Advances in Legume Systematics: Part 4, The Fossil Record, Ed. P.S. Herendeen & Dilcher, 1992, The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew,
List of species More than 200 species have been described:
Swartzia acreana R. S. Cowan Swartzia acuminata Swartzia acutifolia Vogel
Swartzia alatosericea Barneby Swartzia alternifoliolata Mansano Swartzia amabale Swartzia amazonica S.Moore Swartzia amplifolia Harms Swartzia amshoffiana R.S.Cowan Swartzia angustifolia Schery Swartzia anomala R.S.Cowan Swartzia apetala Raddi var. apetala Raddi var. glabra (Vogel) R.S.Cowan Swartzia apiculata R.S.Cowan Swartzia aptera DC. Swartzia arborescens (Aubl.) Pittier
Swartzia arenophila Swartzia argentea Spruce ex Benth.
Swartzia auriculata Poepp. Swartzia aymardii Barneby Swartzia bahiensis R. S. Cowan Swartzia bannia Sandwith Swartzia barnebyana Cuello Swartzia benthamiana Miq.
Swartzia bombycina R. S. Cowan Swartzia brachyrachis Harms
Swartzia buntingii R.S.Cowan Swartzia cabrerae R.S.Cowan
Swartzia calva R.S.Cowan Swartzia canescens Torke Swartzia capixabensis Swartzia capparioides Klotzsch (unplaced) Swartzia cardiosperma Spruce ex Benth. Swartzia caribaea Griseb. Swartzia caudata R. S. Cowan
Swartzia colombiana (R. S. Cowan) Torke Swartzia conferta Spruce ex Benth.
Swartzia coriaceifolia Swartzia corrugata Benth. Swartzia costata (Rusby) R. S. Cowan Swartzia cowanii Steyerm.
Swartzia cubensis (Britton & P. Wilson) Standl.—katalox Swartzia cupavenensis R. S. Cowan Swartzia curranii R. S. Cowan Swartzia cuspidata Spruce ex Benth.
Swartzia davisii Sandwith Swartzia decidua
Swartzia dipetala Willd. ex Vogel Swartzia discocarpa Ducke
Swartzia duckei Huber
Swartzia emarginata (Ducke) Torke Swartzia eriocarpa Benth.
Swartzia euxylophora Rizzini & A.Mattos Swartzia fanshawei R. S. Cowan Swartzia fimbriata Ducke
Swartzia flaemingii Raddi
Swartzia flavescens Swartzia floribunda Benth. Swartzia foliolosa R.S.Cowan Swartzia fraterna R.S.Cowan Swartzia froesii R.S.Cowan
Swartzia gigantea R.S.Cowan
Swartzia glabrata (R.S.Cowan) Torke Swartzia glazioviana (Taub.) Glaz. ex R.S.Cowan Swartzia gracilis Pipoly & A.Rudas Lleras
Swartzia grandifolia Bong. ex Benth.
Swartzia guatemalensis (Donn.Sm.) Pittier Swartzia guianensis (Aubl.) Urb. Swartzia haughtii R.S.Cowan Swartzia hilairiana Swartzia hostmannii Benth.
Swartzia humboldtiana Cuello Swartzia ingens Swartzia ingifolia Ducke Swartzia iniridensis R.S.Cowan Swartzia invenusta Barneby Swartzia jenmanii Sandwith Swartzia jimenezii R.S.Cowan Swartzia jororii Harms Swartzia juruana Torke Swartzia kaieteurensis (R.S.Cowan) Torke Swartzia katawa R.S.Cowan Swartzia klugii (R.S.Cowan) Torke Swartzia krukovii R.S.Cowan
Swartzia laevicarpa Amshoff Swartzia lamellata Ducke Swartzia langsdorffii Raddi Swartzia latifolia Benth. Swartzia laurifolia Benth. Swartzia laxiflora Bong. ex Benth.
Swartzia leiocalycina Benth. Swartzia leiogyne (Sandwith) Cowan Swartzia leptopetala Benth. Swartzia linharensis Mansano Swartzia littlei R. S. Cowan
Swartzia longicarpa Amshoff
Swartzia longipedicellata Sandwith Swartzia longistipitata Ducke Swartzia lucida R. S. Cowan
Swartzia macrocarpa Benth. Swartzia macrophylla Vogel Swartzia macrosema Harms
Swartzia macrostachya Benth.
Swartzia magdalenae Britton & Killip Swartzia maguirei R.S.Cowan Swartzia manausensis Torke Swartzia mangabalensis R.S.Cowan Swartzia maquenqueana N.Zamora & D.Solano Swartzia martii Eichler
Swartzia mazaganensis Ledoux
Swartzia mexicana M. Sousa & R. Grether Swartzia micrantha R.S.Cowan Swartzia microcarpa Benth. Swartzia microstylis
Swartzia monachiana R.S.Cowan
Swartzia mucronifera R. S. Cowan Swartzia multijuga Vogel Swartzia multijuga Swartzia mutisii Swartzia myrtifolia Sm. var. elegans (Schott) R. S. Cowan var. myrtifolia Sm. Swartzia nicaraguensis Swartzia nuda Schery Swartzia oblanceolata Sandwith Swartzia oblata R. S. Cowan Swartzia oblonga Benth. Swartzia obscura Huber
Swartzia oedipus Barneby
Swartzia oraria R. S. Cowan Swartzia oriximinaensis R. S. Cowan Swartzia oscarpintoana Pipoly & Rudas Swartzia pachyphylla Harms Swartzia palustris Barneby Swartzia panacoco (Aubl.) R.S.Cowan
Swartzia parvifolia Schery Swartzia parvipetala (R.S.Cowan) Mansano Swartzia pendula Benth.
Swartzia pernitida R.S.Cowan Swartzia peruviana (R.S.Cowan) Torke Swartzia phaneroptera Standl. Swartzia piarensis R. S. Cowan Swartzia pickelii Ducke Swartzia picramnioides Standl. & L.O.Williams ex Torke & N.Zamora Swartzia picta Benth. Swartzia pilulifera Benth. Swartzia pinheiroana R.S.Cowan Swartzia pinnata (Vahl) Willd. Swartzia pittieri Schery
Swartzia polita (R.S.Cowan) Torke
Swartzia polyphylla DC. Swartzia prancei Torke & Mansano Swartzia prolata R.S.Cowan
Swartzia psilonema
Swartzia racemosa Benth.
Swartzia radiale Swartzia ramiflora Torke
Swartzia recurva Poepp. Swartzia rediviva R.S.Cowan Swartzia remigera Amshoff Swartzia reticulata Ducke Swartzia riedelii R.S.Cowan Swartzia robiniifolia Vogel Swartzia roraimae Sandwith Swartzia rosea Mart. ex Benth.
Swartzia rugosa Swartzia santanderensis R.S.Cowan Swartzia schomburgkii Benth. var. rigida R. S. Cowan var. schomburgkii Benth. Swartzia schultesii R.S.Cowan Swartzia schunkei R.S.Cowan Swartzia sericea Vogel
Swartzia simplex (Sw.) Spreng. var. grandiflora (Raddi) Cowan var. ochnaceae (DC.) R. S. Cowan var. simplex (Sw.) Spreng.
Swartzia sprucei Benth. Swartzia standleyi Swartzia steyermarkii R.S.Cowan
Swartzia submarginata (Benth.) Mansano Swartzia submontana Swartzia subspicata Klotzsch (unplaced) Swartzia sumorum Ant.Molina Swartzia surinamensis Klotzsch (unplaced)
Swartzia tessmannii Harms
Swartzia thomasii Swartzia tillettii R.S.Cowan Swartzia tomentifera (Ducke) Ducke Swartzia trianae Benth.
Swartzia trinitensis Urb.
Swartzia triptera Barneby Swartzia ulei Harms
Swartzia vaupesiana R.S.Cowan Swartzia velutina Spruce ex Benth. Swartzia versicolor
Swartzia wurdackii R.S.Cowan Swartzia xanthopetala Sandwith Swartzia yasuniensis Swartzia zeledonensis Torke & N. Zamora
Recent phylogenetic analyses have revealed several well-supported clades within Swartzia that roughly correspond to previously-erected sections and series in the genus.
Nomina dubia The following species may or may not be valid:
Swartzia arenarium Ducke Swartzia flabellipetala Pittier Swartzia microcalyx Ducke Swartzia shnilis Benoist
References
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