Neusticomys is a genus of semiaquatic, animalivorous South American rodents in the family Cricetidae.
The term Neusticomys derives from the two ancient greek words (), meaning "able to swim", and (), meaning "mouse, rat". N. monticolous and N. vossi primarily inhabit montante regions of west Columbia and eastern Ecuador, with the former noted to occur in the Andean Cordillera and the Occidental mountain range at elevations of 1,800-3,750 meters. The rest inhabit tropical lowland forests primarily in the northern and eastern regions of the Amazon rainforest, whereas N. peruviensis is an endemic species to Peru.
This genus contains the following threespecies: Montane fish-eating rat (N. monticolus) — Anthony, 1921 Las Cajas water mouse (N. orcesi) — (P. D. Jenkins & Barnett, 1997) Voss' fish-eating rat (N. vossi) — Hanson, D'Elía, Ayers, Cox, Burneo & Lee, 2015
Distribution +Distribution of Neusticomys speciesSpeciesEcosystemEndemic toN. monticolusMontane ecosystem (at elevations of 1800–3750 meters)Northern Ecuador and western ColombiaN. vossiMontane ecosystem (at elevations of 1900–3750 meters)Southern Colombia and northern and central Ecuador
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