The Hypostominae are a subfamily of catfishes of the family Loricariidae. Most members are restricted to tropical and subtropical South America, but there are also several species (in genera Ancistrus, Chaetostoma, Lasiancistrus, Leptoancistrus and Hemiancistrus) in southern Central America. Hypostomus plecostomus, which is popular in the aquarium trade, has been introduced to several regions far from its native range.
Studies conducted with representatives of some genera of Hypostominae showed, within this group, the diploid number ranges from 2n = 52 to 2n = 80. However, the supposed wide karyotypic diversity the family Loricariidae or the subfamily Hypostominae would present is almost exclusively restricted to the genus Hypostomus, and the species from the other genera had a conserved diploid number.
Taxonomy
Hypostominae contains the following genera, sometimes organized in tribes as set out below: Ancistrini (sometimes considered a separate subfamily as Ancistrinae) Acanthicus Agassiz, 1829 Ancistrus Kner, 1854 Andeancistrus Lujan, Meza-Vargas & Barriga-S., 2015 Araichthys Zawadzki, Bifi & Mariotto, 2016 Avalithoxus Lujan, Armbruster & Lovejoy, 2018 Baryancistrus Rapp Py-Daniel, 1989 Chaetostoma Tschudi, 1846 Cordylancistrus Isbrücker, 1980 Dekeyseria Rapp Py-Daniel, 1985 Dolichancistrus Isbrücker, 1980 Exastilithoxus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 Hemiancistrus Bleeker, 1862 Hopliancistrus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989 Hypancistrus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1991 Lasiancistrus Regan, 1904 Leporacanthicus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989 Lithoxus C. H. Eigenmann, 1910 Lithoxancistrus Isbrücker, Nijssen & Cala, 1988 Megalancistrus Isbrücker, 1980 Neblinichthys Ferraris, Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1986 Panaqolus Isbrücker & Schraml, 2001 Panaque C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889 Paralithoxus Boeseman, 1982 Parancistrus Bleeker, 1862 Paulasquama Armbruster & Taphorn, 2011 Pseudacanthicus Bleeker, 1862 Pseudancistrus Bleeker, 1862 Pseudolithoxus Isbrücker & Werner, 1989 Pseudoqolus Lujan, Cramer, Covain, Fisch-Muller & López-Fernández, 2017 Scobinancistrus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989 Spectracanthicus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1987 Transancistrus Lujan, Meza-Vargas & Barriga Salazar, 2015 Yaluwak Lujan & Ambruster, 2019 Corymbophanini Corymbophanes C. H. Eigenmann, 1909 Hypostomini Aphanotorulus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1983 Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803 Isorineloricaria Isbrücker, 1980 Pterygoplichthyini Pterygoplichthys Gill, 1858 Incertae sedis Ancistomus Isbrücker & Seidel, 2001 Colossimystax Armbruster & Lujan, 2025 Cryptancistrus Fisch-Muller, Mol & Covain, 2018 Guyanancistrus Isbrücker, 2001 Leptoancistrus Meek & Hildebrand, 1916 (likely Ancistrini) Peckoltia A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1912(likely Ancistrini) Peckoltichthys A. Miranda Ribeiro, 1917 Stellantia Armbruster & Lujan, 2025 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes does not include any groupings between subfamily and genera.
References