731 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. It may also refer to:

731 (number) 731 (The X-Files), the tenth episode of the third season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files 731 BC, the ninth year of the 730s BC decade 731 series, an AC electric multiple unit train type operated by Hokkaido Railway Company Area code 731, an area code in the U.S. state of Tennessee Battle of Hill 731, a fierce battle fought during World War II in southern Albania Unit 731, a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army Evil Unbound, also known as 731, a historical drama film about the unit March 731, a Formula One racing car

See also List of highways numbered 731