This list of the mammals of Pakistan shows the conservation status of the 176 mammal species occurring in Pakistan, of which 12 are critically endangered, 11 are endangered, 16 are vulnerable, and 10 are near threatened. The largest mammal in Pakistan is the Himalayan brown bear. The markhor is the national animal of Pakistan. The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the IUCN Red List: DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
Order: Primates
The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes. Suborder: Haplorhini Infraorder: Simiiformes Parvorder: Catarrhini Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys) Genus: Macaca Rhesus macaque, M. mulatta Genus: Semnopithecus Nepal gray langur, S. schistaceus Northern plains gray langur, S. entellus
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to . Suborder: Hystricognathi Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines) Genus: Hystrix Indian crested porcupine, H. indica Suborder: Sciurognathi Family: Sciuridae (squirrels) Subfamily: Sciurinae Tribe: Pteromyini Genus: Eoglaucomys Kashmir flying squirrel, E. fimbriatus Genus: Eupetaurus Woolly flying squirrel, E. cinereus Genus: Petaurista Red giant flying squirrel, P. petaurista Subfamily: Callosciurinae Genus: Funambulus Northern palm squirrel, F. pennantii Subfamily: Xerinae Tribe: Marmotini Genus: Marmota Long-tailed marmot, Marmota caudata LC Himalayan marmot, Marmota himalayana LC Family: Gliridae (dormice) Subfamily: Leithiinae Genus: Dryomys Balochistan forest dormouse, Dryomys niethammeri VU Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula LC Family: Dipodidae (jerboas) Subfamily: Allactaginae Genus: Allactaga Small five-toed jerboa, Allactaga elater LC Hotson's jerboa, Allactaga hotsoni LC Subfamily: Cardiocraniinae Genus: Salpingotus Baluchistan pygmy jerboa, Salpingotus michaelis LC Subfamily: Dipodinae Genus: Jaculus Blanford's jerboa, Jaculus blanfordi LC Subfamily: Sicistinae Genus: Sicista Chinese birch mouse, Sicista concolor LC Family: Calomyscidae Genus: Calomyscus Baluchi mouse-like hamster, Calomyscus baluchi LC Hotson's mouse-like hamster, Calomyscus hotsoni EN Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Cricetinae Genus: Cricetulus Grey dwarf hamster, Cricetulus migratorius LC Subfamily: Arvicolinae Genus: Alticola White-tailed mountain vole, Alticola albicauda LC Silver mountain vole, Alticola argentatus LC Genus: Ellobius Southern mole vole, Ellobius fuscocapillus LC Genus: Hyperacrius True's vole, Hyperacrius fertilis LC Murree vole, Hyperacrius wynnei LC Genus: Microtus Juniper vole, Microtus juldaschi LC Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters) Subfamily: Deomyinae Genus: Acomys Arabian spiny mouse, Acomys dimidiatus LC Subfamily: Gerbillinae Genus: Gerbillus Swarthy gerbil, Gerbillus aquilus LC Indian hairy-footed gerbil, Gerbillus gleadowi Balochistan gerbil, Gerbillus nanus LC Genus: Meriones Indian desert jird, Meriones hurrianae LC Persian jird, Meriones persicus LC Libyan jird, Meriones libycus LC Sundevall's jird, Meriones crassus LC Genus: Rhombomys Great gerbil, Rhombomys opimus LC Genus: Tatera Indian gerbil, Tatera indica LC Subfamily: Murinae Genus: Apodemus Kashmir field mouse, Apodemus rusiges LC Ward's field mouse, Apodemus wardi LC Genus: Bandicota Lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicota bengalensis LC Genus: Golunda Indian bush rat, Golunda ellioti LC Genus: Millardia Sand-colored soft-furred rat, Millardia gleadowi LC Soft-furred rat, Millardia meltada LC Genus: Mus Rock-loving mouse, M. saxicola LC Earth-colored mouse, M. terricolor House mouse, M. musculus Rock-loving mouse, M. saxicola LC Genus: Nesokia Short-tailed bandicoot rat, N. indica LC Genus: Niviventer Chestnut white-bellied rat, N. fulvescens LC Genus: Rattus Turkestan rat, R. pyctorius Black rat, R. rattus Brown rat, R. norvegicus introduced
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs) The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
Family: Ochotonidae (pikas) Genus: Ochotona Ladak pika, O. ladacensis Large-eared pika, O. macrotis Royle's pika, O. roylei Afghan pika, O. rufescens Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares) Genus: Lepus Cape hare, L. capensis Indian hare, L. nigricollis Desert hare, L. tibetanus
Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures) The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs) Subfamily: Erinaceinae Genus: Hemiechinus Long-eared hedgehog, H. auritus Indian long-eared hedgehog, H. collaris Genus: Paraechinus Brandt's hedgehog, P. hypomelas Indian hedgehog, P. micropus
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers. Family: Soricidae (shrews) Subfamily: Crocidurinae Genus: Crocidura Gmelin's white-toothed shrew, Crocidura gmelini LC Pale gray shrew, Crocidura pergrisea DD Asian gray shrew, Crocidura suaveolens Zarudny's shrew, Crocidura zarudnyi LC Genus: Suncus Etruscan shrew, Suncus etruscus LC Asian house shrew, S. murinus Anderson's shrew, Suncus stoliczkanus LC Subfamily: Soricinae Tribe: Soricini Genus: Sorex Kashmir shrew, Sorex planiceps LC
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals. Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats) Subfamily: Pteropodinae Genus: Pteropus Indian flying fox, P. giganteus Genus: Rousettus Egyptian fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus LC Leschenault's rousette, Rousettus leschenaultii LC Family: Vespertilionidae Subfamily: Myotinae Genus: Myotis Lesser mouse-eared bat, M. blythii Whiskered myotis, Myotis muricola LC Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus Kashmir cave bat, Myotis longipes DD Subfamily: Vespertilioninae Genus: Barbastella Eastern barbastelle, Barbastella leucomelas LC Genus: Eptesicus Botta's serotine, Eptesicus bottae LC Gobi big brown bat, Eptesicus gobiensis LC Serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus LC Genus: Nyctalus Common noctule, N. noctula Lesser noctule, N. leisleri Mountain noctule, Nyctalus montanus LC Genus: Otonycteris Desert long-eared bat, Otonycteris hemprichii LC Genus: Pipistrellus Savi's pipistrelle, H. savii Kelaart's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus ceylonicus LC Indian pipistrelle, Pipistrellus coromandra LC Java pipistrelle, Pipistrellus javanicus LC Kuhl's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus kuhlii LC Common pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pipistrellus LC Least pipistrelle, Pipistrellus tenuis LC Genus: Rhyneptesicus Sind bat, R. nasutus Genus: Scotoecus Desert yellow bat, Scotoecus pallidus NT Genus: Scotophilus Greater Asiatic yellow bat, Scotophilus heathi LC Lesser Asiatic yellow bat, Scotophilus kuhlii LC Genus: Scotozous Dormer's pipistrelle, Scotozous dormeri LC Subfamily: Murininae Genus: Murina Hutton's tube-nosed bat, Murina huttoni LC Scully's tube-nosed bat, Murina tubinaris LC Family: Rhinopomatidae Genus: Rhinopoma Lesser mouse-tailed bat, Rhinopoma hardwickei LC Greater mouse-tailed bat, Rhinopoma microphyllum LC Small mouse-tailed bat, Rhinopoma muscatellum LC Family: Emballonuridae Genus: Taphozous Naked-rumped tomb bat, Taphozous nudiventris LC Egyptian tomb bat, Taphozous perforatus LC Family: Megadermatidae Genus: Megaderma Greater false vampire bat, Megaderma lyra LC Family: Rhinolophidae Subfamily: Rhinolophinae Genus: Rhinolophus Blasius's horseshoe bat, R. blasii Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros Blyth's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus lepidus LC Big-eared horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus macrotis LC Subfamily: Hipposiderinae Genus: Asellia Trident leaf-nosed bat, Asellia tridens LC Genus: Hipposideros Ashy roundleaf bat, Hipposideros cineraceus LC Fulvus roundleaf bat, Hipposideros fulvus LC Genus: Triaenops Rufous trident bat, Triaenops persicus LC Family: Molossidae Genus: Tadarida European free-tailed bat, T. teniotis
Order: Pholidota (pangolins)
The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.
Family: Manidae Genus: Manis Indian pangolin, M. crassicaudata
Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. Suborder: Mysticeti Family: Balaenopteridae Subfamily: Balaenopterinae Genus: Balaenoptera Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera edeni DD Pygmy blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda EN Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN Subfamily: Megapterinae Genus: Megaptera Humpback whale, M. novaeangliae Suborder: Odontoceti Superfamily: Platanistoidea Family: Platanistidae Genus: Platanista Indus river dolphin, P. minor Family: Phocoenidae Genus: Neophocaena Finless porpoise, Neophocaena phocaenoides DD Family: Kogiidae Genus: Kogia Pygmy sperm whale, K. breviceps Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima LC Family: Physeteridae Genus: Physeter Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU Family: Ziphidae Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae Genus: Mesoplodon Blainville's beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris DD Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, Mesoplodon ginkgodens DD Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins) Genus: Steno Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis DD Genus: Sousa Indo-Pacific humback dolphin, Sousa chinensis Genus: Tursiops Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops aduncus Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus Genus: Stenella Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris LC Genus: Delphinus Common dolphin, Delphinus capensis LC Genus: Lagenodelphis Fraser's dolphin, Lagenodelphis hosei DD Genus: Grampus Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus DD Genus: Peponocephala Melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra LC Genus: Feresa Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD Genus: Orcinus Orca, O. orca
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. Suborder: Feliformia Family: Felidae (cats) Subfamily: Felinae Genus: Caracal Caracal, C. caracal Genus: Felis