was a province of Japan, located in Kinai. It overlaps the southern part of modern Kyoto Prefecture on Honshū.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Yamashiro" in . Aliases include , the rare , and . It is classified as an upper province in the Engishiki.
Yamashiro Province included Kyoto itself, as in 794 AD Yamashiro became the seat of the imperial court, and, during the Muromachi period, was the seat of the Ashikaga shogunate as well. The capital remained in Yamashiro until its de facto move to Tokyo in the 1870s.
History "Yamashiro" was formerly written with the characters meaning "mountain" () and "era" (); in the 7th century, there were things built listing the name of the province with the characters for "mountain" and "ridge"/"back" (). On 4 December 794 (8 Shimotsuki, 13th year of Enryaku), at the time of the establishment of Heian-kyō, because Emperor Kanmu made his new capital utilize the surroundings as natural fortification, the character for shiro was finally changed to "castle" (). Later shiro from the province name replaced the older ki as the Japanese reading for the character 城.
Just from Nara period writings, it is apparent that the "area" () and "ridge" () listings coexisted.
The provincial capital, according to the Wamyō Ruijushō, was .
In the Shūgaishō, Otokuni District is mentioned as the seat, as well as in the Setsuyōshū.
As for the shugos mansion, at first, Yamashiro Province shugo and Kyoto shugo were concurrent posts, so the Kyoto shugo's kogeninmansion had to be allotted. Afterwards, the Rokuhara Tandai came to be an additional post, and that became the shugo as well. In the Muromachi period, Yamashiro Province was divided with the Uji River as the border into two districts, and each came to be assigned a shugo, so one shugo resided in Uji Makishima, whereas the other resided in various places around Yodo and such.
A European geographical dictionary published in 1697, well into the Tokugawa period, describes "Yamaxiro" as a "kingdom in Japan," with "Meaco" (Miyako, i.e. Kyoto) as its "capital."
Temples The provincial temples included those where the resident chief priest was a man, and those where it was a woman in Sōraku District. Kuni no Miya's Daigokuden was made a temple in 746. It was destroyed by fire in 882, and the rebuilding afterwards would decline. In the Kamakura period, it came to be a branch temple of Byōdō-in. The location is in modern Kizugawa city, coinciding with Kamo. In 1925, a large number of old tiles were excavated near the provincial temple, and it is thought that these once belonged to the convent.
The Kamo Shrines—the Kamigamo Shrine in the Kita ward of Kyoto and the Shimogamo Shrine in Sakyō ward—were designated as the two chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) of Yamashiro province."Nationwide List of Ichinomiya", p. 1.; retrieved 2011-08-010
Yamashiro's ichinomiya designation differed from other provinces', likely due to the Jingi-kan; from nearly the end of the 11th century, when the primary shrines were being established in each of the various provinces, it is thought that in Kinai, it was decided on after the turn on the 12th century. There were no ninomiya (secondary shrines). It is unknown whether there were any sōja.
Historical districts Kyoto Prefecture
- dissolved - dissolved - dissolved - dissolved
Shugo
Kamakura Shogunate –1221 – concurrent post with Kyoto shugo 1221–1333 – concurrent post with Rokuhara Tandai
Muromachi Shogunate 1353–1384 – concurrent post with Samurai-dokoro 1385–1386 – Yamana Ujikiyo 1389 – Akamatsu Yoshinori 1389–1390 – Yamana Ujikiyo 1390–1391 – Akamatsu Yoshinori 1391 – Yamana Ujikiyo 1392–1394 – Hatakeyama Motokuni 1394–1399 – Ketsushiro Mandō 1399 – Kyōgoku Takanori 1399–1402 – Ketsushiro Mandō 1402–1403 – Hatakeyama Motokuni 1404–1416 – Takashi Morohide 1418–1421 – Isshiki Yoshitsura 1421–1423 – Kyōgoku Takakazu 1424–1428 – Kyōgoku Mochimitsu 1428–1433 – Hatakeyama Mitsuie 1433–1434 – Hatakeyama Mochikuni 1434–1436 – Isshiki Yoshitsura 1436–1439 – Akamatsu Mitsusuke 1440–1441 – Yamana Mochitoyo 1441–1447 – Kyōgoku Mochikiyo 1447–1449 – Isshiki Norichika 1450–1455 – Hatakeyama Mochikuni 1455–1460 – Hatakeyama Yoshinari 1460–1463 – Hatakeyama Masanaga 1464–1468 – Yamana Koretoyo 1474–1478 – Yamana Masatoyo 1478–1483 – Hatakeyama Masanaga 1483–1486 – Akamatsu Masanori 1486–1490 – Ise Sadamune 1493–1507 – Ise Sadamichi 1508–1518 – Ōuchi Yoshioki 1518–1531 – Hosokawa Takakuni 1532–1549 – Hosokawa Harumoto
Kami of Yamashiro Fujiwara no Muneyo Obata Toramori Saitō Dōsan Araki Ujitsuna Jushii-ge Matsunaga Hisahide Ryūzōji Takanobu Jugoi-ge Naoe Kanetsugu(from 1583) Jugoi-ge Toki Sadamasa(from 1593) Jugoi-ge Toki Sadayoshi Jugoi-ge Takenokoshi Masanobu (from 1611) Jugoi-ge Toki Yoriyuki (from 1624) Jugoi-ge Takenokoshi Masaharu Jugoi-ge Takenokoshi Masateru Jugoi-ge Takenokoshi Masatake Jugoi-ge Takenokoshi Katsuoki Takenokoshi Mutsumura Jugoi-ge Takenokoshi Masasada Jugoi-ge Nagai Naosuke Jugoi-ge Nagai Naonori
See also List of Provinces of Japan Yamashiro ikki Capital of Japan Shi sakai IJN battleship Yamashiro
Notes
References Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ; OCLC 58053128
External links
Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903