The Viceroy of Liangguang, fully in Chinese as the Governor-General of Two Guang Provinces and Other Local Areas, in Charge of Military Affairs, Food and Wages and Governor Affairs, was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Ming and Qing dynasties of China. The Viceroy of Liangguang had jurisdiction of military, civil, and political affairs over then Guangdong Province and then Guangxi Province (approx. nowadays Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, and Macau).

History Ming dynasty The office of the Viceroy of Liangguang originated in 1452 during the Ming dynasty. The Jingtai Emperor accepted Yu Qian's proposal to create the office and appointed Wang Ao (王翱) as the first viceroy.

In 1465, the Chenghua Emperor appointed Han Yong (韓雍) as Left Censor-in-Chief and Viceroy of Liangguang. The office was formalised in 1469, with the administrative headquarters fixed in Wuzhou, Guangxi.

In 1536, during the reign of the Jiajing Emperor, the viceroy Qian Rujing (錢如京) created a separate administrative branch in Zhaoqing, Guangdong. In 1564, the headquarters shifted from Wuzhou to Zhaoqing after Wu Guifang (吳桂芳) sought approval from the Jiajing Emperor.

Qing dynasty

The office was recreated in 1644 during the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor in the Qing dynasty. It was called "Viceroy of Guangdong" (廣東總督) even though its jurisdiction included Guangxi. The headquarters were in Guangzhou, Guangdong. In 1655, the headquarters shifted back to Wuzhou.

In 1663, during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor, the office was split into two: Viceroy of Guangdong and Viceroy of Guangxi. The headquarters of the Viceroy of Guangdong moved to Lianzhou (廉州; present-day Hepu County, Guangxi). A year later, the Viceroy of Guangxi was merged with the Viceroy of Guangdong, and the headquarters shifted back to Zhaoqing.

In 1723, during the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor, the office was divided into Guangdong and Guangxi again, but were merged again within the following year. In 1729, in response to a rebellion by the Miao people, the Yongzheng Emperor placed Guangxi under the jurisdiction of the Viceroy of Yun-Gui to facilitate the coordination of military operations. In 1734, Guangdong and Guangxi were merged under a single office, Viceroy of Liangguang, and had remained like this until 1905.

In 1746, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor, the headquarters of the Viceroy of Liangguang shifted to Guangzhou and remained there permanently.

In 1905, during the reign of the Guangxu Emperor, the Viceroy of Liangguang concurrently held the position of Provincial Governor of Guangdong. The position was abolished in 1911 following the collapse of the Qing Dynasty.

List of Viceroys of Liangguang Ming dynasty # Name Portrait Start of term End of term Notes 1 Wang Ao王翱 1452 1453 Promoted to Secretary of Personnel 2 Han Yong韓雍 1465 Concurrently Left Censor-in-Chief 3 Qin Hong秦紘 1489 1495 Concurrently Right Censor-in-Chief; later dismissed from office 4 Deng Tingzan鄧廷瓚 1495 1497 Concurrently a Provincial Governor; later promoted to Left Censor-in-Chief 5 Pan Fan潘蕃 1501 1506 Concurrently Right Censor-in-Chief; later promoted to Left Censor-in-Chief 6 Xiong Xiu熊繡 1506 1514 Concurrently Right Deputy Censor-in-Chief; later promoted to Censor-in-Chief in Nanjing 7 Zhou Nan周南 1514 1515 Retired 8 Chen Jin陳金 1515 1519 Later promoted to Censor-in-Chief 9 Zhang Ding張嵿 1522 1525 Concurrently Right Censor-in-Chief; later promoted to Censor-in-Chief in Nanjing and Secretary of Works 10 Yao Mo姚鏌 1525 1527 Concurrently Right Censor-in-Chief 11 Wang Shouren王守仁 1527 1529 Concurrently Secretary of Defence in Nanjing and Left Censor-in-Chief 12 Zhang Jing張經 1537 1544 Promoted to Left Vice Secretary of Defence 13 Tao Xie陶諧 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence 14 Bao Xiangxian鮑象賢 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence 15 Zhang Yue張岳 1544 1545 Concurrently Right Deputy Censor-in-Chief 16 Wu Guifang吳桂芳 1563 1566 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence 17 Tan Lun譚綸 1567 1568 18 Zhang Han張瀚 1568 1569 Concurrently Left Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief 19 Liu Tao劉燾 1569 1570 Concurrently Left Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief 20 Li Qian李遷 1570 1571 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Censor-in-Chief 21 Yin Zhengmao殷正茂 1571 1575 Concurrently Secretary of Defence in Nanjing 22 Ling Yunyi凌雲翼 1575 1578 Concurrently Left Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief 23 Liu Yaohui劉堯誨 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief 24 Chen Rui陳瑞 1582 1583 Concurrently Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief 25 Guo Yingping郭應聘 1583 1584 Concurrently Secretary of Defence 26 Wu Wenhua吳文華 1584 1587 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief 27 Wu Shan吳善 1587 1588 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence 28 Liu Jiwen劉繼文 1588 1591 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence 29 Xiao Yan蕭彥 1591 1592 Concurrently Right Deputy Censor-in-Chief 30 Chen Ju陳榘 1593 1594 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Revenue 31 Chen Dake陳大科 1595 1598 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence 32 Dai Yao戴耀 1598 1609 Concurrently Secretary of Defence and Right Deputy Censor-in-Chief 33 Zhang Minggang張鳴岡 1610 1614 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief 34 Zhou Jiamo周嘉謨 1615 1617 Concurrently Provincial Governor of Yunnan 35 Xu Honggang許宏鋼 1618 1620 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief 36 Chen Bangzhan陳邦瞻 1620 1621 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence 37 Hu Yingtai胡應台 1621 1624 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief 38 He Shijin何士晉 1624 1625 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief 39 Shang Zhouzuo商周祚 1625 1626 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief 40 Li Fengjie李逢節 1627 1628 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief 41 Wang Zunde王尊德 1628 1631 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence; died in office 42 Wang Yehao王業浩 1631 1632 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief 43 Xiong Wencan熊文燦 1632 1637 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief 44 Zhang Jingxin張鏡心 1637 1641 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence 45 Shen Youlong沈猶龍 1641 1644 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence

Southern Ming dynasty # Name Portrait Start of term End of term Notes 46 Ding Kuichu丁魁楚 1644 1644 Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence 47 Wang Huacheng王化澄 1646 1646 Concurrently Provincial Governor of Guangdong 48 Lin Jiading林佳鼎 February 1646 1647 49 Zhu Zhijian朱治澗 1647 1647 Concurrently Vice Secretary of Defence 50 Li Chengdong李成棟 1648 April 1649 51 Li Qipeng李棲鵬 April 1649 April 1649 52 Yan Keyi閻可義 August 1649 August 1649 Died of illness in office 53 Li Jianjie李建捷 September 1649 September 1649 54 Luo Chengyao羅承耀 September 1649 September 1649 55 Du Yunhe杜允和 October 1649 1650 Retreated from Guangzhou after the city fell to Qing forces led by Shang Kexi and Geng Jimao 56 Lian Chengbi連城璧 1650 1659

Qing dynasty