M56 or M-56 may refer to:
Roads M56 motorway, north-west England M56 Lena highway (Russia), Russia M56 Kolyma Highway, Russia M56 (Cape Town), South Africa M56 (Johannesburg), South Africa M-56 (1919–1957 Michigan highway), a defunct American road around Monroe M-56 (1971–1987 Michigan highway), another defunct road around Flint
Guns M56 Howitzer, a Yugoslav copy of the M101A1 howitzer M56 Scorpion, an unarmoured American self-propelled anti-tank gun M56 Smart Gun, a fictional weapon used in Aliens (film) and related media Zastava M56 submachine gun, a Yugoslavian submachine gun
Other Messier 56, a globular cluster in the constellation Lyra M56 Coyote, Humvee smoke generator BMW M56, a straight-6 automobile engine The core of the ATI Radeon Mobility X1600 graphics processing unit M-56 steel helmet, designed in East Germany in 1956 Infiniti M56, a Japanese luxury car A shortened designation for American M-1956 load-carrying equipment