Iaai (Iaai pronunciation: , ) is a language of Ouvéa Island (New Caledonia). It shares the island of Ouvéa with Fagauvea, a Polynesian outlier language.

Iaai is the sixth-most-spoken language of New Caledonia, with 4,078 speakers as of 2009.Dotte 2013. It is taught in schools in an effort to preserve it.

The language has been studied by linguists Françoise Ozanne-Rivierre and Anne-Laure Dotte.

Phonology Iaai is remarkable for its large inventory of unusual phonemes, in particular its consonants, with a rich variety of voiceless nasals and approximants.The main sources about the phonology of Iaai are Ozanne-Rivierre (1976); Maddieson and Anderson (1994).

Vowels

Iaai has ten vowel qualities, all of which may occur long and short. There is little difference in quality depending on length.

Front Central BackUnroundedRoundedUnroundedRounded Close Close mid Open mid Open

Iaai constitutes one of the few cases of front rounded vowels attested outside of their geographic stronghold in Eurasia,Maddieson, Ian. Front Rounded Vowels, in Martin Haspelmath et al. (eds.) The World Atlas of Language Structures, pp. 50-53. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. . (online version). even if other cases have since been reported in the Oceanic family.See for example Löyöp, Lemerig, Vurës of northern Vanuatu, p.194 of: .

The vowel is only known to occur in six words. In all of these but "dedicate", it appears between a labial (b, m) and velar (k, ŋ) consonant.

After the non-labiovelarized labial consonants and the vowel , the vowel is pronounced .

The open vowels only contrast in a few environments. only occurs after the plain labial consonants and the vowel , the same environment that produces . does not occur after , but does occur elsewhere, so that there is a contrast between and after .

The vowels are written with their IPA letters. is written û, is written ë, is written â, and is written ö. Long vowels, which are twice as long as short vowels, are written double.

Consonants Iaai has an unusual voicing distinction in its sonorants, as well as several coronal series. Unlike most languages of New Caledonia, voiced stops are not prenasalized.See Maddieson & Anderson (1994).

Labial Denti-alveolar Alveolar Retroflex Pre-palatal Velar Glottal Plosive () () () () () () () () Nasal () () () () Fricative Approximant () () Flap

Unlike many languages with denti-alveolar stops, Iaai are released abruptly, and has a very short voice onset time. However, the apical post-alveolar and laminal palatal stops have substantially fricated releases , and may be better described as sounds between proper stops and affricates.

The labial approximants are placed in their respective columns following their phonological behaviour (their effects on following vowels), but there is evidence that all members of these series are either labial-palatal or labial-velar. are sometimes pronounced as weak fricatives .

In many cases, words with voiced and voiceless approximants are morphologically related, such as "night" and "black". - and vowel-initial words have a similar relationship. The voiceless sonorant often marks object incorporation. However, many roots with voiceless sonorants have no voiced cognate.

The labialized labials are more precisely labio-velarized labials. There is evidence that non-labialized labial consonants such as are palatalized , , etc., but this is obscured before front vowels. If this turns out to be the situation, it would parallel Micronesian languages which have no plain labials.

Notes

References Dotte, Anne-Laure (2013), Le iaai aujourd'hui. Évolutions sociolinguistiques et linguistiques d'une langue kanak de Nouvelle-Calédonie (Ouvéa, Îles Loyauté). Doctoral thesis. Université Lumière-Lyon2, Lyon, France. 528 pp.

. . . . . Tryon, Darrell T. Iai grammar. B-8, xii + 137 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1968.

External links Five stories in Iaai, collected by F. Ozanne-Rivierre, and presented in bilingual format (Pangloss Collection of LACITO-CNRS). Presentation of Iaai, including an extensive bibliography. Database of audio recordings in Iaai - basic Catholic prayers Iaai Grammar at the Internet Archive