Robert Anstruther may refer to:
Robert Anstruther (soldier) (died 1583), Scottish soldier in the service of Mary, Queen of Scots Robert Anstruther (diplomat) (died 1645), Courtier and ambassador Sir Robert Anstruther, 1st Baronet (1658–1737), (additionally of Balcaskie, Fife and Braemore, Caithness in 1698) MP for Fife 1710 Robert Anstruther (British Army colonel), of the 58th (Rutlandshire) Regiment of Foot (renumbered in 1757 from 60th Regiment of Foot) 1755–68 Sir Robert Anstruther, 3rd Baronet (1733–1818), of the Anstruther baronets Robert Anstruther (MP) (1757–1832), MP for Anstruther Burghs 1793 to 1794 Robert Anstruther (British Army officer) (1768–1809), Scottish general Sir Robert Anstruther, 5th Baronet (1834–1886), MP for Fife 1864–1880 and St. Andrews 1885–1886, Lord Lieutenant of Fife 1864–1886 Robert Hamilton Anstruther (1862–1938), Royal Navy officer Robert Anstruther (cricketer) (1879–1945), Scottish first-class cricketer and soldier