In human genetics, Haplogroup S is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup found only among Indigenous Australians. It is a descendant of macrohaplogroup N.

Origin Haplogroup S mtDNA evolved within Australia between 64,000 and 40,000 years ago (51 kya).

Distribution It is found in the Indigenous Australian population. Haplogroup S2 found in Willandra Lakes human remain WLH4 dated back Late Holocene (3,000–500 years ago).

The following table lists relevant GenBank samples: HaplogroupGenBank IDSample's EraRegionS*KY595638ModernNew South WalesS1KY595550ModernQueenslandS1aDQ404440ModernNew South WalesS1aDQ404441ModernNorthern TerritoryS1a1KY595591ModernQueenslandS1a1aJN226144ModernWestern AustraliaS1a1aKY595596ModernQueenslandS1a1aKY595610ModernQueenslandS1a1bKY595597ModernQueenslandS1a1bKY595623ModernQueenslandS1b1AF346963ModernNorthern TerritoryS1b1KY595632ModernQueenslandS1b1aKY595615ModernQueenslandS1b1a1KY595551ModernQueenslandS1b1a1KY595559ModernQueenslandS1b2KY595560ModernQueenslandS1b2KY595566ModernQueenslandS1b2aKY595620ModernNew South WalesS1b3KY595579ModernQueenslandS1b3aKY595546ModernQueenslandS1b3aKY595562ModernQueenslandS1b3a1KY595547ModernQueenslandS1b3a1KY595548ModernQueenslandS2aAY289051ModernNorthern TerritoryS2aAY289061ModernNorthern TerritoryS2aKY595586ModernQueenslandS2aKY595604ModernVictoriaS2bKY595670ModernTasmaniaS2b1aKY595567ModernNew South WalesS2b1a1MK165667AncientBarham, New South WalesS2b1a1MK165668AncientBarham, New South WalesS2b1bKY595616ModernQueenslandS2b1bKY595664ModernQueenslandS2b1cKU659023AncientWillandra Lakes Region, New South WalesS2b1c1KY595602ModernNew South WalesS2b1c1KY595603ModernNew South WalesS2cJN226145ModernWestern AustraliaS2c1AY289060ModernNorthern TerritoryS2c1KY595624ModernQueenslandS2d1KY595557ModernQueenslandS2d1aAF346964ModernNorthern TerritoryS2d1aKY595580ModernQueenslandS2d2KY595549ModernNew South WalesS2d2KY595592ModernQueenslandS3AY289066ModernNorthern TerritoryS3AY289067ModernNorthern TerritoryS4AY289062ModernNorthern TerritoryS5EF495220ModernKalumburu, Western Australia

Subclades Tree This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup S subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation and subsequent published research. The TMRCA for haplogroup S is between 49 and 51 KYA according to Nano Nagle's Aboriginal Australian mitochondrial genome variation – an increased understanding of population antiquity and diversity publication that published in 2017.

S (64-40 kya) in Australia S1 (53-32 kya) in Australia S1a (44-29 kya) found in WA, NT, QLD and NSW S1b (37-22 kya) found in NT, QLD and NSW S1b1 (30-10 kya) found in NT and QLD S1b1a (24-6 kya) found in QLD S1b2 (17-3 kya) found in QLD S1b3 (20-4 kya) found in QLD and NSW S2 (44-22 kya) in Australia S2a (38-18 kya) found in NT, QLD, NSW and TAS S2a1 (31-12 kya) found in NSW, QLD and TAS S2a1a (19-6 kya) found in NSW and QLD S2a2 (38-11 kya) found in NT, QLD and NSW S2b (42-18 kya) found in WA, NT, QLD and VIC S2b1(27-9 kya) found in NT, QLD and VIC S2b2 (37-12 kya) found in WA, NT and QLD S-T152C! S3 (17-1 kya) found in NT S4 found in NT S5 found in WA S6 found in NSW

See also

Genealogical DNA test Genetic genealogy Human mitochondrial genetics Population genetics

References

External links General Mannis van Oven's Phylotree Haplogroup S Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site: Haplogroup S mitoLEAF's Haplogroup S FamilyTreeDNA's Mitotree: Haplogroup S