Wilms is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
André Wilms (1947–2022), French actor Dorothee Wilms (born 1929), German politician Friedrich Wilms (1848–1919), German botanist Johann Wilhelm Wilms (1772–1847), Dutch-German composer Max Wilms (1867–1918), German pathologist and surgeon Wilms' tumor, a rare tumor, most common in children, named after Max Wilms