This list of Roman censors includes all holders through to its subsumption under that of Roman emperor in 22BC.

Censors were elected by the Centuriate Assembly and served as a duo. Censors were elected to take an account of all citizens and their property value before performing a rite of religious purification. Roman taxes were levied based on the censors' account, and the censors could punitively tax citizens who failed to present at the census or falsely accounted for their property.

Whilst having no right to uphold law or command in war, the office of censor was the highest honour. Unlike the office of consul, which deteriorated over the Roman Republic period, most censors were men of exceptional standing and character. Censors were known also as castigatores () for their duty as the regulators of public morality. For instance, in 92 BC censors Domitius Ahenobarbus and Crassus condemned the teaching of rhetoric in Latin (as opposed to the customary Greek):

Initially, censors were chosen exclusively from among Roman citizens of patrician birth. after legislation – that he introduced while dictator – providing one censor of each two must be a plebeian.

5th century BC

Before 443 BC, the consuls were responsible for the census. In 443 BC, the right to take the census was moved from the consuls to the newly established office of censor. They were chosen exclusively from Patricians.

Year Birth Names width="15%" Completed width="15%" Changed Senate or equites roll width="15%" Laws or regulations promulgated width="15%" Undertook public works or building 443 435Livy 4.22.7 430 PatricianLucius Papirius (Crassus?) PatricianPublius Pinarius (Mamercinus?) 418 PatricianUnknownUnknownNoNoNo PatricianLucius Papirius MugillanusUnknownNoNoNo 403 Patrician Marcus Furius Camillus Patrician Marcus Postumius Albinus Regillensis

4th century BC

In 393 BC, Marcus Cornelius P.f. P. n. Maluginensis was elected suffect censor to replace the deceased censor Gaius Iulius Iullus. In 351 BC, Gaius Marcius Rutilus was elected as the first plebeian censor. According to the Lex Publilia, since 339 BC at least one of the censors had to be plebeian. In 312 BC, Appius Claudius Caecus was elected censor without being consul before.

Year Birth Name 393 Patrician Lucius Papirius Cursor Patrician Gaius Iulius Iullus Patrician Marcus Cornelius P. f. P. n. Maluginensis (Suffect) 389Broughton notes "This censorship is very doubtful." Diodorus Siculus (15.22.1) is our source for this censorship; Livy does (6.5.8) not mention them; this portion of the Fasti Capitolini is missing. These persons are otherwise unknown. (Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1 p. 98 n. 3) Patrician Marcus Furius Fusus (?) Patrician Lucius Papirius Mugillanus (?) 380 Patrician Spurius Postumius Albinus Regillensis PatricianGaius Sulpicius Camerinus 378 Patrician Spurius Servilius Priscus Patrician Quintus Cloelius Siculus 366 Patrician Gaius Sulpicius Peticus Patrician Postumius Regillensis Albinus (?) 363 Patrician Marcus Fabius Ambustus PatricianLucius Furius Medullinus 351 Patrician Gnaeus Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus Plebeian Gaius Marcius Rutilus 340Velleius Paterculus, 2.8.2. Broughton indicates that this censorship is doubtful, "since Velleius may possibly be thinking simply of brothers who were colleagues in the same office and not specifically of the censorship." (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1 p. 137 n. 4) Patrician Lucius Cornelius Scipio Plebeian Publius Cornelius Scipio 332 Patrician Spurius Postumius Albinus Caudinus Plebeian Quintus Publilius Philo 319 Patrician Gaius Sulpicius LongusBroughton: "The name of the second Censor is lost. They did not complete the lustrum and probably abdicated, since others were elected to the censorship in 318." (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1 p. 154 n. 2)UnknownUnknown 318 Patrician Lucius Papirius Crassus Plebeian Gaius Maenius 312 Patrician Appius Claudius Caecus Plebeian Gaius Plautius Venox 307 Patrician Marcus Valerius Maximus Corvinus Plebeian Gaius Junius Bubulcus Brutus 304 Patrician Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus Plebeian Publius Decius Mus

3rd century BC

In 294 and 265 BC, Gaius Marcius Rutilus Censorinus was elected censor. This was the only time a person was elected censor twice. Marcius prevented this situation from repeating itself by originating a law stating that no one could be elected censor twice.

Year Birth Name 300 Patrician Publius Sulpicius Saverrio Plebeian Publius Sempronius Sophus 294 Patrician Publius Cornelius Arvina Plebeian Gaius Marcius Rutilus Censorinus 289Broughton notes, "Both the date of this censorship and the names of the Censors remain not completely certain" and discusses the issues. Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1 p. 184 n. 2 Patrician Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges (?) Plebeian Spurius Carvilius Maximus (?) 283 Unknown ? Plebeian Quintus Caedicius NoctuaThe authority for this year, the Fasti Capitolini is damaged at this point and only indicates Noctua abdicated. 280 Patrician Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus Plebeian Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus Maximus 275 Patrician Quintus Aemilius Papus Plebeian Gaius Fabricius Luscinus 272 Patrician Lucius Papirius Praetextatus Plebeian Manlius Curius Dentatus 269 Patrician Lucius Aemilius Barbula Plebeian Quintus Marcius Philippus 265 Patrician Gnaeus Cornelius Blasio Plebeian Gaius Marcius Rutilus Censorinus II 258 Patrician Lucius Cornelius Scipio Plebeian Gaius Duilius 253 Patrician Lucius Postumius Megellus Plebeian Decimus Junius Pera 252 Patrician Manius Valerius Maximus Corvinus Messalla Plebeian Publius Sempronius Sophus 247 Patrician Aulus Manlius Torquatus Atticus Plebeian Aulus Atilius Calatinus 241 Patrician Marcus Fabius Buteo Plebeian Gaius Aurelius Cotta 236 Patrician Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus Plebeian Quintus Lutatius Cerco 234 Patrician Aulus Postumius Albinus Plebeian Gaius Atilius Bulbus 231 Patrician Titus Manlius Torquatus Plebeian Quintus Fulvius Flaccus 230 Patrician Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus Plebeian Marcus Sempronius Tuditanus 225 Patrician Gaius Claudius Centho Plebeian Marcus Junius Pera 220 Patrician Lucius Aemilius Papus Plebeian Gaius Flaminius 214 Patrician Publius Furius Philus Plebeian Marcus Atilius Regulus 210 Patrician Lucius Veturius Philo Plebeian Publius Licinius Crassus Dives 209 Patrician Marcus Cornelius Cethegus Plebeian Publius Sempronius Tuditanus 204 Patrician Gaius Claudius Nero Plebeian Marcus Livius Salinator

2nd century BC

In 131 BC, for the first time both censors were plebeian.

After only one year in office the in 109 BC elected censor Marcus Livius Drusus died. His colleague Marcus Aemilius Scaurus at first refused to resign but resigned when new censors were elected in 108 BC.

Year Birth Name 199 Patrician Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Plebeian Publius Aelius Paetus 194 Patrician Gaius Cornelius Cethegus Plebeian Sextus Aelius Paetus Catus 189 Patrician Titus Quinctius Flamininus Plebeian Marcus Claudius Marcellus 184 Patrician Lucius Valerius Flaccus Plebeian Marcus Porcius Cato 179 Patrician Marcus Aemilius Lepidus Plebeian Marcus Fulvius Nobilior 174 Patrician Aulus Postumius Albinus Luscus Plebeian Quintus Fulvius Flaccus 169 Patrician Gaius Claudius Pulcher Plebeian Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus 164 Patrician Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus Plebeian Quintus Marcius Philippus 159 Patrician Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum Plebeian Marcus Popillius Laenas 154 Patrician Marcus Valerius Messalla Plebeian Gaius Cassius Longinus 147 Patrician Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Lupus Plebeian Lucius Marcius Censorinus 142 Patrician Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Plebeian Lucius Mummius Achaicus 136 Patrician Appius Claudius Pulcher Plebeian Quintus Fulvius Nobilior 131 Plebeian Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus Plebeian Quintus Pompeius 125 Patrician Gnaeus Servilius Caepio Plebeian Lucius Cassius Longinus Ravilla 120 Plebeian Quintus Caecilius Metellus Balearicus PlebeianLucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi 115 Plebeian Lucius Caecilius Metellus Diadematus PlebeianGnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus 109 Patrician Marcus Aemilius Scaurus Plebeian Marcus Livius Drusus 108 Patrician Quintus Fabius Maximus Eburnus Plebeian Gaius Licinius Geta 102 Plebeian Gaius Caecilius Metellus Caprarius PlebeianQuintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus

1st century BC

Lucius Marcius Philippus and Marcus Perperna were elected censors in 86 BC. Due to civil war and the consequences of Sulla's dictatorship, no new censors were elected until 70 BC.

Year Birth Name 97 Patrician Lucius Valerius Flaccus Plebeian Marcus Antonius 92 Plebeian Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus Plebeian Lucius Licinius Crassus 89 Patrician Lucius Julius Caesar Plebeian Publius Licinius Crassus 86 Plebeian Lucius Marcius Philippus Plebeian Marcus Perperna 70 Patrician Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus Plebeian Lucius Gellius 65 Plebeian Marcus Licinius Crassus Plebeian Quintus Lutatius Catulus 64 Unknown Unknown Plebeian Lucius Aurelius CottaAccording to Broughton, the name of his colleague is unknown. (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 2 p. 161) 61 Patrician Unknown, possibly Lucius Julius CaesarBroughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic vol. 3, p. 110 Plebeian Unknown, possibly Gaius Scribonius CurioAlthough there is ample proof that censors were elected this year (for example, Dio Cassius 37.46.4), no primary source recorded their names. Scribonius was suggested by Bartolommeo Borghesi as one of the possible censors. (Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 2 p. 179) 55 Patrician Marcus Valerius Messalla Niger Plebeian Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus 50 Patrician Appius Claudius Pulcher Plebeian Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus 42 Patrician Publius Sulpicius Rufus Plebeian Gaius Antonius Hybrida 28 Patrician Caesar Augustus Plebeian Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (They did not hold the title Censor) 22 Patrician Paullus Aemilius Lepidus Plebeian Lucius Munatius Plancus 8 Patrician Caesar Augustus as sole censor

After the Republic

With the solidification of Augustus' rule, the Roman Republic came to an end. The office of censor nominally continued a small way into the Roman Empire, for example in 14 AD when Caesar Augustus held the office with Tiberius Caesar.

Notes

References Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, Philological Monograph No. 15, vols. 1 and 2. (New York: American Philological Association, 1951, 1952).