Russia, as the largest country in the world, has great ethnic diversity. It is a multinational state and home to over 190 ethnic groups countrywide. According to the population census at the end of 2021, more than 147.1 million people lived in Russia, which is 4.3 million more than in the 2010 census, or 3.03%. At the same time, only 130.587 million census participants indicated their nationality. The top fifteen largest nations besides Russians included in descending order: Tatars, Chechens, Bashkirs, Chuvash, Avars, Armenians, Ukrainians, Dargins, Kazakhs, Kumyks, Kabardins, Ingush, Lezgins and Ossetians. Population censuses in Russia allow citizens to report their nationality according not only to their ancestry, but also to self-identification. The 83 federal subjects which together constitute the Russian Federation include:
21 national republics (self-governing regions organized along ethnic lines) 4 autonomous okrugs (usually with substantial or predominant ethnic minority) 1 autonomous oblast
Ethnic groups of Russia, 1926–2021
1926–1979
Population counts and percentage from the 1926, 1939, 1959, and 1979 censusesEthnicgroupDemoskop Weekly No 543-544 Year1926 Census1939 Census1959 Census1970 Census1979 CensusNumber%Number%Number%Number%Number%Russians71,374,28378.1%89,747,79582.9%97,863,57983.3%107,747,63082.8%113,521,88182.6%Tatars3,926,0533.2%3,682,9563.4%4,074,2533.5%4,577,0613.5%5,055,7573.6%Chechens318,3610.34%400,3250.37%261,3110.22%572,2200.44%712,1610.52%Bashkir738,8610.80%824,5370.76%953,8010.81%1,180,9130.91%1,290,9940.94%Chuvashs1,112,4781.20%1,346,2321.24%1,436,2181.22%1,637,0281.26%1,689,8471.23%Avars178,2630.19%235,7150.22%249,5290.21%361,6130.28%438,3060.32%Armenians183,7850.20%205,2330.19%255,9780.22%298,7180.23%364,5700.27%Ukrainians6,870,9767.9%3,205,0613.0%3,359,0832.9%3,345,8852.6%3,657,6472.7%Dargins125,7590.14%152,0070.14%152,5630.13%224,1720.17%280,4440.20%Kazakhs136,5010.15%356,5000.33%382,4310.33%477,8200.37%518,0600.38%Kumyks94,5090.10%110,2990.10%132,8960.11%186,6900.14%225,8000.16%Kabardins139,8640.15%161,2160.15%200,6340.17%277,4350.21%318,8220.23%Ingush72,1370.08%90,9800.08%55,7990.05%137,3800.11%165,9970.12%Lezgins92,9370.10%100,3280.09%114,2100.10%170,4940.13%202,8540.15%Ossetians157,2800.17%195,6240.18%247,8340.21%313,4580.24%352,0800.26%Mordvins1,306,7981.41%1,375,5581.27%1,211,1051.03%1,177,4920.91%1,111,0750.81%Yakuts240,6820.26%241,8700.22%236,1250.20%295,2230.23%326,5310.24%Azerbaijanis24,3350.03%43,0140.04%70,9470.06%95,6890.07%152,4210.11%Buryats237,4900.26%220,6180.20%251,5040.21%312,8470.24%349,7600.25%Mari427,8740.46%476,3140.44%498,0660.42%581,0820.45%599,6370.44%Udmurts503,9700.54%599,8930.55%615,6400.52%678,3930.52%685,7180.50%Tajiks520.00%3,3150.00%7,0270.01%14,1080.01%17,8630.01%Uzbeks9420.00%16,1660.01%29,5120.03%61,5880.05%72,3850.05%Tuvans2000.00%7940.00%99,8640.08%139,0130.11%165,4260.12%Crimean Tatars00.00%00.00%4160.00%2,8520.00%5,1650.00%Karachays55,1160.06%74,4880.07%70,5370.06%106,8310.08%125,7920.09%Belarusians607,8450.66%451,9330.42%843,9850.72%964,0820.74%1,051,9000.77%Germans707,2770.76%811,2050.75%820,0160.70%761,8880.59%790,7620.58%Kalmyks128,8090.14%129,7860.12%100,6030.09%131,3180.10%140,1030.10%Laks40,2430.04%54,3480.05%58,3970.05%78,6250.06%91,4120.07%Roma39,0890.04%59,1980.05%72,4880.06%97,9550.08%120,6720.09%Tabasarans31,9830.03%33,4710.03%34,2880.03%54,0470.04%73,4330.05%Komi226,0120.24%415,0090.38%281,7800.24%315,3470.24%320,0780.23%Kyrgyz2850.00%6,3110.01%4,7010.00%9,1070.01%15,0110.01%Balkars33,2980.04%41,9490.04%35,2490.03%52,9690.04%61,8280.04%Turks1,8460.00%2,6680.00%1,3770.00%1,5680.00%3,5610.00%Cherkess / Circassians 28,9860.02% 38,3560.03% 44,5720.03%Georgians20,5510.02%43,5850.04%57,5940.05%68,9710.05%89,4070.07%Adyghe64,9590.07%85,5880.08%78,5610.07%98,4610.08%107,2390.08%Nogais36,0890.04%36,0880.03%37,6560.03%51,1590.04%58,6390.04%Koreans86,7990.09%11,3450.01%91,4450.08%101,3690.08%97,6490.07%Altay52,2480.06%46,4890.04%44,6540.04%54,6140.04%58,8790.04%Jews539,0860.58%891,1470.82%875,0580.74%807,5260.62%699,2860.51%Moldovans16,8700.02%21,9740.02%62,2980.05%87,5380.07%102,1370.07%Khakas45,6070.05%52,0330.05%56,0320.05%65,3680.05%69,2470.05%Komi-Permyak149,2750.16% 143,0300.12%150,2440.12%145,9930.11%Pontic Greeks34,4390.04%65,7050.06%47,0240.04%57,8470.04%69,8160.05%Nenets17,5600.02%24,7160.02%22,8450.02%28,4870.02%29,4870.02%Abazas13,8250.01%14,7390.01%19,0590.02%24,8920.02%28,8000.02%Turkmens7,8490.01%12,8690.01%11,6310.01%20,0400.02%22,9790.02%Evenks38,8040.03%29,5990.02%24,5830.02%25,0510.02%27,2780.02%Aghuls7,6530.01%SDPSDP6,4600.01%8,7510.01%11,7520.01%Rutuls10,3330.01%SDPSDP6,7030.01%11,9040.01%14,8350.01%Karelians248,0170.27%249,7780.23%164,0500.14%141,1480.11%133,1820.10%Khanty22,3010.02%18,4470.02%19,2460.02%21,0070.02%20,7430.02%Yazidis10.00% Kurds1640.00%3870.00%8550.00%1,0150.00%1,6340.00%Poles189,2690.20%142,4610.13%118,4220.10%107,0840.08%99,7330.07%Evens2,0440.00%9,6740.01%9,0230.01%11,8190.01%12,2150.01%Chinese8,7390.01%22,4910.02%19,0970.02%7,9870.01%5,7430.00%Arabs4660.00%940.00%6490.00%2,5550.00%2,3390.00%Chukchi12,3310.01%13,8300.01%11,6800.01%13,5000.01%13,9370.01%Lithuanians26,1280.03%20,7950.02%108,5790.09%76,7180.06%66,7830.05%Tsakhurs3,5330.00%SDPSDP4,4370.00%4,7300.00%4,7740.00%Mansi5,7540.01%6,2950.01%6,3180.01%7,6090.01%7,4340.01%Bulgarians4,0870.00%8,3380.01%24,8990.02%27,3210.02%24,9430.02%Nanais5,8600.01%8,4110.01%7,9190.01%9,9110.01%10,3570.01%Shors13,0000.01%16,0420.01%14,9380.01%15,9500.01%15,1820.01%Gagauz00.00%00.00%3,0120.00%3,7040.00%4,1760.00%Latvians124,3120.13%104,8770.10%74,9320.06%59,6950.05%67,2670.05%Abkhaz970.00%6470.00%1,4000.00%2,4270.00%4,0580.00%Dolgans6560.00% 4,7180.00%4,9110.00%Finns134,0890.14%138,9620.13%72,3560.06%62,3070.05%55,6870.04%Vietnamese00.00%00.00%7810.00%6,2870.00%6610.00%Estonians146,0510.16%130,4940.12%78,5560.07%62,9800.05%55,5390.04%Indians170.00%00.00%2160.00%1,3780.00%1810.00%Koryaks7,4370.01%7,3370.01%6,1680.01%7,3670.01%7,6370.01%Nağaybäk11,1960.01%00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%Veps32,7830.04%31,4420.03%16,1700.01%8,0570.01%7,5500.01%Assyrians2,7910.00%7,4460.01%7,6120.01%8,0980.01%8,7080.01%Soyots2290.00% Meskhetian Turks Nivkh4,0760.00%3,8570.00%3,6900.00%4,3560.00%4,3660.00%Talysh00.00%470.00%330.00% 20.00%Afghans380.00%1900.00%1750.00%5610.00%1840.00%Selkups1,6300.00%2,6040.00%3,7040.00%4,2490.00%3,5180.00%Dungans6,0090.01%480.00%1690.00%3040.00%1,1590.00%Itelmeni8030.00%SSPSSP1,0960.00%1,2550.00%1,3350.00%Udis20.00%SDPSDP350.00%940.00%2160.00%Ulchs7230.00%SSPSSP2,0490.00%2,4100.00%2,4940.00%Persians8,6260.01%6,0410.01%2,4900.00%2,5480.00%1,7470.00%Kumandins6,3350.01%00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%Teleuts1,8980.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%Uygurs260.00%6420.00%7200.00%1,5130.00%1,7070.00%Serbs1,2780.00%2,3730.00%00.00%1,4310.00%8150.00%Hemshins20.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%Besermyan10,0350.01% Shapsugs Romanians2,8810.00%2,6820.00%3,3160.00%4,0930.00%3,8370.00%Yukaghir4430.00%SSPSSP4400.00%5930.00%8010.00%Inuit /Yupik1,2920.00%SSPSSP1,1110.00%1,2650.00%1,4600.00%Kamchadals4,2160.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%Sami1,7150.00%1,8280.00%1,7600.00%1,8360.00%1,7750.00%Hungarians3,8820.00%00.00%4,1750.00%6,6810.01%4,3130.00%Italians7490.00%7130.00%5250.00%8890.00%3560.00%French1,3380.00%9910.00%5350.00%1,2430.00%3050.00%Udege1,3570.00%1,7010.00%1,3950.00%1,3960.00%1,4310.00%Mongols5480.00%00.00%1,5110.00%3,7590.00%1,8120.00%Czechs7,9960.01%7,5260.01%7,1740.01%6,0730.00%4,4910.00%Spanish00.00%2,2900.00%1,6150.00%2,6310.00%1,9610.00%British5170.00%4160.00%3120.00%5420.00%1150.00%Americans00.00%4570.00%2730.00%7850.00%810.00%Ket1,4280.00%SSPSSP1,0170.00%1,1610.00%1,0720.00%Krymchaks6,1850.01%00.00%2490.00%3890.00%1,3650.00%Chuvans7040.00%1,3840.00% Karakalpaks140.00%3060.00%9880.00%2,2670.00%1,7430.00%Izhorians16,1360.02%7,7200.01%5640.00%5610.00%4490.00%Tofalar2,8280.00%SSPSSP4760.00%5700.00%5760.00%Cubans00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%1,1750.00%Nganasans 7210.00%8230.00%8420.00%Japanese790.00%9220.00%8880.00%1,1410.00%6550.00%Ruthenians00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%Tats2230.00% 5,1360.00%8,7530.01%12,7480.01%Orochs6460.00%SSPSSP7790.00%1,0370.00%1,0400.00%Karaites1,6080.00%1,6080.00%1,2360.00%9390.00%Negidals6830.00%SSPSSP 4950.00%4770.00%Pamiris00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%Pakistani00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%Aleut3530.00%SSPSSP3990.00%4100.00%4890.00%Chulyms00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%Oroks1620.00%SSPSSP20.00% Mountain Jews15,6120.02%00.00%19,3520.02%15,4340.01%6,5090.00%Taz Enets Slovaks00.00%5130.00%4970.00%7580.00%4390.00%Croats00.00%00.00%00.00%1740.00%1150.00%Macedonians00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%Slovenes00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%Votes7050.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%Bosnians00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%Montenegrins00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%Kereks Central Asian Jews930.00%00.00%990.00%910.00%3360.00%Georgian Jews820.00%00.00%1090.00%1090.00%1300.00%Central Asian Roma00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%Small Dagestan Peoples (SDP) 20,9620.02% Small Siberian Peoples (SSP) 11,8240.01% Other Ethnicity Ethnicity not stated or stated No ethnicity
1989–2021