A croque monsieur (, croque = "crunch", monsieur = "mister, gentleman") is a hot sandwich made with ham and cheese.
History There are references to the dish before the end of the 19th century. In 1891, mentions them:
Preparation A croque monsieur is traditionally made with baked or boiled ham and sliced cheese between slices of pain de mie, topped with grated cheese and lightly salted and peppered, and then baked in an oven or fried in a frying pan. The bread may optionally be browned by grilling after being dipped in beaten egg. Traditionally Gruyère is used, but sometimes Comté or Emmental cheese as well. Some brasseries also add béchamel sauce.
Croque monsieur may be baked or fried so that the cheese topping melts and forms a crust.
Variations A croque monsieur served with a poached or lightly fried egg on top is known as a croque madame (or, in parts of Normandy, as a croque-à-cheval). Jacques Pépin maintains that a croque madame is made with chicken in place of ham. According to the Petit Robert dictionary, the name dates to around 1960. The name croque-mademoiselle is associated with its lighter, vegetarian version: made of the same bread, but with ordinary melting cheese, accompanied with chives, cucumber and lettuce.
In the United States, the Monte Cristo (a ham-and-cheese sandwich often dipped in egg and fried) is popular fare in diners.
Variants of the sandwich with substitutions or additional ingredients are given names modeled on the original croque-monsieur, for example:
NameAdded ingredientsBarros JarpaVariation with same ingredients from Chilean cuisineBarros LucoMade with roast beef instead of hamCroque provençalTomatoCroque auvergnatBleu d'Auvergne cheeseCroque chevreTopped with a large slice of goat cheese.Croque norvégienSmoked salmon instead of hamCroque tartifletteSliced potatoes and Reblochon cheeseCroque bolognese / Croque Boum-BoumBolognese sauceCroque señorTomato salsa Croque HawaiianSlice of pineappleCroque gagnetGouda cheese and andouilleCroque MadameFried egg or chickenCroque monsieur with bechamelStandard croque monsieur topped with bechamel sauceFrancesinhaVariation from Portuguese cuisine with steak, sausage, ham, melted cheese and a beer sauceMonte CristoFrench sandwich with varying other additions, incl. but not limited to powdered sugar and fried in either egg or batter.
See also
Welsh rarebit Ham and cheese sandwich Ham and egg bun Monte Cristo sandwich Francesinha Strammer Max Toastie List of ham dishes List of sandwiches
References