Demographics of Slovakia

Demographic features of the population of Slovakia include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. The demographic statistics are from the Statistical Office of the SR, unless otherwise indicated.

Population

Total population: 5,422,194 as of 2024.

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2021.

One birth every 10 minutes One death every 9 minutes One net migrant every 480 minutes Net gain of one person every 1440 minutes

Population over time

+Progression of population at censuses Census Date Population Populationdensity(per km2) 1848 2,442,000 (est.) 50 1869 2,481,811 51 1880 2,477,521 51 1890 2,595,180 53 1900 2,782,925 57 1910 2,916,657 60 February 15, 1921 2,993,859 61 December 1, 1930 3,324,111 68 October 4, 1946 3,327,803 68 March 1, 1950 3,442,317 70 March 1, 1961 4,174,046 85 December 1, 1970 4,537,290 93 November 1, 1980 4,991,168 102 March 3, 1991 5,274,335 108 May 26, 2001 5,379,455 110 May 21, 2011 5,397,036 110 June 13, 2021 5,449,270 111

Population growth rate -0.08% (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 202nd

Fertility The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.

Years 187618771878187918801881188218831884188518861887188818891890Total Fertility Rate in Slovakia5.965.96 5.925.875.835.785.745.775.85.835.865.95.835.765.7 Years 1891189218931894189518961897189818991900Total Fertility Rate in Slovakia5.635.56 5.545.525.55.495.475.425.375.31 Years 1901190219031904190519061907190819091910Total Fertility Rate in Slovakia5.265.21 5.165.15.044.994.934.864.784.71 Years 19111912191319141915191619171918Total Fertility Rate in Slovakia4.634.56 4.133.73.282.852.433.03 1.45 children born/woman (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 211th

Mother's mean age at first birth 27.2 years (2019 est.)

Life expectancy

total population: 78.07 years male: 74.56 years female: 81.82 years (2021 est.)

Age structure 0–14 years: 15.13% (male 423,180 /female 400,128) 15–24 years: 10.06% (male 280,284 /female 266,838) 25–54 years: 44.61% (male 1,228,462 /female 1,198,747) 55–64 years: 13.15% (male 342,142 /female 373,452) 65 years and over: 17.05% (male 366,267 /female 561,120) (2020 est.)

Median age total: 41.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 41st male: 40.1 years female: 43.6 years (2020 est.)

Vital statistics

Population(from 1980December 31) Live births Deaths Naturalchange Births(per 1000) Deaths(per 1000) Naturalchange(per 1000) Crude migration(per 1000) Fertilityrates Inducedabortions 1919 2,940,000 91,729 56,866 34,863 31.2 19.3 11.93.64 1920 3,001,000 97,680 61,084 36,596 32.6 20.4 12.2 8.54.25 1921 3,006,000 114,947 63,507 51,440 38.2 21.1 17.1 −15.44.96 1922 3,046,000 111,059 62,902 48,157 36.5 20.7 15.8 −2.54.67 1923 3,095,000 111,070 54,176 56,894 35.9 17.5 18.4 −2.54.55 1924 3,135,000 106,062 56,322 49,740 33.8 18.0 15.9 −2.34.25 1925 3,168,000 102,867 56,171 46,696 32.5 17.7 14.7 −4.24.01 1926 3,202,000 103,955 59,701 44,254 32.5 18.6 13.8 −3.13.98 1927 3,232,000 99,891 59,172 40,719 30.9 18.3 12.6 −3.23.76 1928 3,258,000 99,673 58,320 41,353 30.6 17.9 12.7 −4.73.69 1929 3,286,000 95,387 56,447 38,940 29.0 17.2 11.9 −3.33.48 1930 3,315,000 96,898 52,268 44,630 29.2 15.8 13.5 −4.73.49 1931 3,350,000 93,309 54,273 39,036 27.9 16.2 11.7 −1.13.33 1932 3,388,000 93,140 52,992 40,148 27.5 15.6 11.9 −0.63.29 1933 3,424,000 84,975 50,655 34,320 24.8 14.8 10.0 0.62.96 1934 3,456,000 83,493 50,178 33,315 24.2 14.5 9.6 −0.32.86 1935 3,486,000 82,382 49,830 32,552 23.6 14.3 9.3 −0.62.8 1936 3,515,000 80,923 48,547 32,376 23.0 13.8 9.2 −0.62.79 1937 3,540,000 79,862 49,527 30,335 22.6 14.0 8.6 −1.52.77 1938 3,726,000 80,800 49,700 31,100 21.7 13.3 8.3 44.22.8 1939 3,577,000 81,200 48,800 32,400 22.7 13.6 9.1−49.12.83 1940 3,553,000 85,300 52,900 32,400 24.0 14.9 9.1 15.82.87 1941 3,542,000 85,700 53,600 32,100 24.2 15.1 9.1 −12.22.9 1942 3,523,000 87,200 55,900 31,300 24.8 15.9 8.9 −14.32.93 1943 3,503,000 87,700 50,900 36,800 25.0 14.5 10.5 −16.22.96 1944 3,484,000 91,600 58,100 33,500 26.3 16.7 9.6 −15.03 1945 3,459,000 81,880 67,505 14,375 23.7 19.5 4.2 −11.43.03 1946 3,392,000 82,204 47,589 34,615 24.2 14.0 10.2 −29.6 3.09 1947 3,399,000 87,659 41,491 46,168 25.8 12.2 13.6 −11.5 3.21 1948 3,446,000 91,189 40,873 50,316 26.5 11.9 14.6 −0.8 3.24 1949 3,447,000 91,053 41,727 49,326 26.4 12.1 14.3 −14.0 3.28 1950 3,463,000 99,721 39,668 60,053 28.8 11.5 17.4 −12.8 3.56 1951 3,509,000 100,663 40,505 60,158 28.5 11.5 17.0 −3.7 3.58 1952 3,558,000 100,824 36,897 63,927 28.0 10.2 17.7 −3.7 3.57 1953 3,599,000 99,124 35,598 63,526 26.9 9.7 17.3 −5.8 3.50 1954 3,661,000 98,310 34,866 63,444 26.2 9.3 16.9 0.3 3.45 1955 3,727,000 99,305 32,917 66,388 26.0 8.6 17.4 0.6 3.47 1956 3,787,000 99,467 32,815 66,652 25.5 8.4 17.1 −1.0 3.46 1957 3,844,000 97,311 35,755 61,556 24.5 9.0 15.5 −0.4 3.34 1958 3,900,000 93,272 32,106 61,166 23.1 7.9 15.1 −0.5 3.25 12,383 1959 3,946,000 87,991 34,077 53,914 21.5 8.3 13.1 −1.3 3.07 17,217 1960 3,994,000 88,412 31,609 56,803 22.1 7.9 14.2 −2.0 3.08 20,738 1961 4,182,000 87,359 31,403 55,956 21.6 7.8 13.8 33.3 3.04 24,244 1962 4,238,000 83,899 34,398 49,501 19.8 8.1 11.7 1.7 2.84 23,784 1963 4,282,000 87,158 32,978 54,180 20.4 7.7 12.7 −2.3 2.95 19,076 1964 4,327,000 86,878 32,875 54,003 20.1 7.6 12.5 −2.0 2.91 19,174 1965 4,371,000 84,257 35,910 48,347 19.3 8.2 11.1 −0.9 2.80 21,037 1966 4,412,000 81,453 36,357 45,096 18.5 8.2 10.2 −0.8 2.68 24,445 1967 4,449,000 77,537 35,458 42,079 17.4 8.0 9.5 −1.1 2.50 26,571 1968 4,484,000 76,370 38,076 38,294 17.0 8.5 8.5 −0.6 2.40 27,398 1969 4,519,000 79,769 40,623 39,146 17.7 9.0 8.7 −0.9 2.43 28,534 1970 4,550,000 80,666 42,240 38,426 17.7 9.3 8.4 −1.5 2.40 27,873 1971 4,557,000 83,062 42,856 40,206 18.2 9.4 8.8 −7.3 2.42 28,619 1972 4,597,000 87,794 41,410 46,384 19.1 9.0 10.1 −1.3 2.49 26,213 1973 4,641,000 92,953 43,759 49,194 20.0 9.4 10.6 −1.0 2.56 25,335 1974 4,690,000 97,585 44,934 52,651 20.8 9.6 11.2 −0.6 2.60 26,086 1975 4,739,000 97,649 45,248 52,401 20.6 9.5 11.1 −0.7 2.53 26,160 1976 4,790,000 99,814 45,420 54,394 20.8 9.5 11.4 −0.6 2.52 27,700 1977 4,841,000 99,533 47,181 52,352 20.6 9.7 10.8 −0.2 2.47 27,875 1978 4,890,000 100,193 47,778 52,415 20.5 9.8 10.7 −0.6 2.45 28,641 1979 4,939,000 100,240 47,837 52,403 20.3 9.7 10.6 −0.6 2.44 29,981 1980 4,996,000datacube Slovakia, visited 23 december 2023 95,100 50,579 44,521 19.1 10.1 8.9 2.6 2.31 31,240 1981 5,036,000 93,290 49,632 43,658 18.6 9.9 8.7 −0.7 2.28 31,943 1982 5,074,000 92,618 50,393 42,225 18.3 10.0 8.4 −0.9 2.26 33,107 1983 5,110,000 92,053 52,433 39,620 18.1 10.3 7.8 −0.7 2.27 33,625 1984 5,145,000 90,843 51,739 39,104 17.7 10.1 7.6 −0.8 2.25 34,268 1985 5,179,000 90,155 52,464 37,691 17.5 10.2 7.3 −0.7 2.26 36,283 1986 5,209,000 87,138 53,233 33,905 16.8 10.3 6.5 −0.7 2.20 40,624 1987 5,237,000 84,006 52,980 31,026 16.1 10.1 5.9 −0.5 2.18 49,690 1988 5,264,000 83,242 52,475 30,767 15.9 10.0 5.9 −0.7 2.15 51,000 1989 5,288,000 80,116 53,902 26,214 15.2 10.2 5.0 −0.4 2.08 48,602 1990 5,311,000 79,989 54,619 25,370 15.1 10.3 4.8 −0.5 2.09 48,437 1991 5,296,000 78,569 54,618 23,951 14.9 10.3 4.5 −7.3 2.05 45,902 1992 5,314,000 74,640 53,423 21,217 14.1 10.1 4.0 −0.6 1.99 42,626 1993 5,336,000 73,256 52,707 20,549 13.8 9.9 3.9 0.2 1.93 38,815 1994 5,356,000 66,370 51,386 14,984 12.4 9.6 2.8 0.9 1.67 34,883 1995 5,368,000 61,427 52,686 8,741 11.5 9.8 1.6 0.6 1.52 29,409 1996 5,379,000 60,123 51,236 8,887 11.2 9.5 1.7 0.3 1.47 25,173 1997 5,388,000 59,310 52,080 7,230 11.0 9.7 1.3 0.4 1.43 22,318 1998 5,393,000 57,582 53,156 4,426 10.7 9.9 0.8 0.1 1.37 21,109 1999 5,399,000 56,223 52,402 3,821 10.4 9.7 0.7 0.4 1.33 19,949 2000 5,403,000 55,151 52,724 2,427 10.2 9.8 0.4 0.3 1.30 18,468 2001 5,379,000 51,136 51,980 −844 9.5 9.7 −0.2 −4.2 1.20 18,026 2002 5,379,000 50,841 51,532 −691 9.5 9.6 −0.1 0.1 1.19 17,382 2003 5,380,000 51,713 52,230 −517 9.6 9.7 −0.1 0.3 1.20 16,222 2004 5,385,000 53,747 51,852 1,895 10.0 9.6 0.4 0.5 1.25 15,307 2005 5,389,000 54,430 53,475 955 10.1 9.9 0.2 0.5 1.27 14,427 2006 5,394,000 53,904 53,301 603 10.0 9.9 0.1 0.8 1.26 14,243 2007 5,401,000 54,424 53,856 568 10.1 10.0 0.1 1.2 1.27 13,424 2008 5,412,000 57,360 53,164 4,196 10.6 9.8 0.8 1.2 1.34 13,394 2009 5,425,000 61,217 52,913 8,304 11.3 9.8 1.5 0.9 1.44 13,240 2010 5,435,000 60,410 53,445 6,965 11.1 9.8 1.3 0.5 1.43 12,582 2011 5,404,000 60,813 51,903 8,910 11.3 9.6 1.7 −7.4 1.45 11,789 2012 5,411,000 55,535 52,437 3,098 10.3 9.7 0.6 0.7 1.34 11,214 2013 5,416,000 54,823 52,089 2,734 10.1 9.6 0.5 0.4 1.34 11,105 2014 5,421,000 55,033 51,346 3,687 10.2 9.5 0.7 0.2 1.37 10,582 2015 5,426,000 55,604 53,826 1,778 10.3 9.9 0.4 0.5 1.40 10,0582016 5,435,000 57,557 52,351 5,206 10.6 9.6 1.0 0.7 1.489,390 2017 5,443,000 57,969 53,914 4,055 10.7 9.9 0.8 0.7 1.52 9,0832018 5,450,000 57,639 54,293 3,346 10.6 10.0 0.6 0.7 1.54 9,0392019 5,458,000 57,054 53,234 3,820 10.5 9.8 0.7 1.4 1.57 6,6822020 5,459,781 56,650 59,089 −2,439 10.4 10.8 −0.4 0.8 1.59 6,1802021 5,434,712 56,565 73,461 −16,896 10.4 13.5 −3.1 −1.5 1.63 5,5522022 5,428,800 52,668 59,583 −6,915 9.7 11.0 −1.3 0.2 1.57 5,8912023 5,424,687 48,627 54,133 −5,506 9.0 10.0 −1.0 0.3 1.49 5,9102024 5,419,451 46,241 53,876 −7,635 8.5 10.0 −1.4 0.4 1.46 5,5182025 5,413,600 42,019 53,520 −11,501 7.8 9.88 −2.1 0.27 1.37 5,290

Current vital statistics + Period Live births Deaths Natural increase January—July 2025 24,466 31,609 –7,143 January—July 2026 23,807 30,877 –7,070 Difference –659 (-2.7%) –732 (-2.3%) +73 Source:

Total fertility rates by region + 2022RegionsTFR1.51Stredné Slovensko1.501.501.441.421.41Western Slovakia1.391.35

Structure of the population

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal% Total 2 666 486 2 793 295 5 459 781 100 0–4 151 050 143 932 294 982 5.40 5–9 148 703 141 292 289 995 5.31 10–14 145 175 138 142 283 317 5.19 15–19 134 762 127 412 262 174 4.80 20–24 146 693 139 514 286 207 5.24 25–29 178 989 171 583 350 572 6.42 30–34 205 583 197 417 403 000 7.38 35–39 223 148 210 774 433 922 7.95 40–44 233 997 219 935 453 932 8.31 45–49 210 693 203 524 414 217 7.59 50–54 172 944 172 772 345 716 6.33 55–59 174 312 181 729 356 041 6.52 60–64 167 771 185 911 353 682 6.48 65−69 150 908 184 068 334 976 6.14 70−74 103 829 143 803 247 632 4.54 75−79 59 778 100 517 160 295 2.94 80−84 34 122 69 918 104 040 1.91 85−89 16 505 40 150 56 655 1.04 90−94 5 395 15 678 21 073 0.39 95−99 1 462 4 076 5 538 0.10 100+ 667 1 148 1 815 0.03Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent 0–14 444 928 423 366 868 294 15.90 15–64 1 848 892 1 810 571 3 659 463 67.03 65+ 372 666 559 358 932 024 17.07

Languages Slovak (official) 81.77%, Hungarian 8.48%, Roma 1.84%, Rusyn 0.71%, other or unspecified 7.2% (2021 census)

Ethnic groups

The majority of the 5.4 million inhabitants of Slovakia are Slovak (83.82%). Hungarians are the largest ethnic minority (7.75%) and are concentrated in the southern and eastern regions of Slovakia. Other ethnic groups include Roma (1.23%), Czechs, Croats, Rusyns, Ukrainians, Germans, Poles, Gorals, Serbs, and Jews (about 2,300 remain of the estimated pre-WWII population of 120,000).