In military terms, 106th Division or 106th Infantry Division may refer to:
106th Division (People's Republic of China) 106th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), Germany 106th Division (Imperial Japanese Army) 106th Guards Airborne Division, Russia/Soviet Union, previously the 106th Guards Rifle Division 106th Rifle Division, Soviet Union 106th Rifle Division (1941 formation), Soviet Union 106th Infantry Division (United States)
See also List of military divisions by number 106th Brigade (disambiguation) 106th Regiment (disambiguation) 106th Squadron (disambiguation) 106th (disambiguation)