Endocrine diseases are disorders of the endocrine system. The branch of medicine associated with endocrine disorders is known as endocrinology.
Types of disease Broadly speaking, endocrine disorders may be subdivided into three groups: Endocrine gland hypofunction/hyposecretion (leading to hormone deficiency) Endocrine gland hyperfunction/hypersecretion (leading to hormone excess) Tumours (benign or malignant) of endocrine glands
Endocrine disorders are often quite complex, involving a mixed picture of hyposecretion and hypersecretion because of the feedback mechanisms involved in the endocrine system. For example, most forms of hyperthyroidism are associated with an excess of thyroid hormone and a low level of thyroid stimulating hormone.
List of diseases
Glucose homeostasis disorders Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Gestational Diabetes Mature Onset Diabetes of the Young Diabetic myopathy Hypoglycemia Idiopathic hypoglycemia Insulinoma Glucagonoma
Thyroid disorders Goitre Hyperthyroidism Graves-Basedow disease Toxic multinodular goitre Thyrotoxic myopathy Hypothyroidism Hypothyroid myopathies Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome Hoffmann syndrome Myasthenic syndrome Atrophic form Thyroiditis Hashimoto's thyroiditis Thyroid cancer Thyroid hormone resistance
Calcium homeostasis disorders and Metabolic bone disease Parathyroid gland disorders Hyperparathyroidism Primary hyperparathyroidism Secondary hyperparathyroidism Tertiary hyperparathyroidism Hyperparathyroid myopathy Hypoparathyroidism Pseudohypoparathyroidism Hypoparathyroid myopathy Osteoporosis Osteitis deformans (Paget's disease of bone) Rickets Osteomalacia
Pituitary gland disorders
Posterior pituitary Diabetes insipidus Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
Anterior pituitary Hypopituitarism (or Panhypopituitarism) Pituitary tumors Pituitary adenomas Prolactinoma (or Hyperprolactinemia) Acromegaly, gigantism, dwarfism Cushing's disease
Adrenal gland disorders Addison's disease Adrenal crisis Adrenal insufficiency Adrenal tumour Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Hypercortisolism (Cushing's disease) Steroid myopathy Hypoaldosteronism Hyperaldosteronism
Sex hormone disorders Disorders of sex development or intersex disorders Hermaphroditism Gonadal dysgenesis Androgen insensitivity syndromes Hypogonadism (Gonadotropin deficiency) Inherited (genetic and chromosomal) disorders Kallmann syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Turner syndrome Acquired disorders Ovarian failure (also known as Premature Menopause) Testicular failure Testosterone deficiency myopathy Disorders of Puberty Delayed puberty Precocious puberty Menstrual function or fertility disorders Amenorrhea Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Tumours of the endocrine glands not mentioned elsewhere
Multiple endocrine neoplasia MEN type 1 MEN type 2a MEN type 2b Carcinoid syndrome
See also separate organs Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes Incidentaloma - an unexpected finding on diagnostic imaging, often of endocrine glands
Endocrine emergencies In endocrinology, medical emergencies include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, hypoglycemic coma, acute adrenocortical insufficiency, phaeochromocytoma crisis, hypercalcemic crisis, thyroid storm, myxoedema coma and pituitary apoplexy.
Emergencies arising from decompensated pheochromocytomas or parathyroid adenomas are sometimes referred for emergency resection when aggressive medical therapies fail to control the patient's state, however the surgical risks are significant, especially blood pressure lability and the possibility of cardiovascular collapse after resection (due to a brutal drop in respectively catecholamines and calcium, which must be compensated with gradual normalization). It remains debated when emergency surgery is appropriate as opposed to urgent or elective surgery after continued attempts to stabilize the patient, notably in view of newer and more efficient medications and protocols.
See also List of MeSH codes (C19) List of ICD-9 codes 240-279: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, and immunity disorders Diabetes self-management
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