The following lists events that happened during 1837 in Australia.
Incumbents
Governors Governors of the Australian colonies: Governor of New South Wales - Major-General Sir Richard Bourke Governor of South Australia - Captain John Hindmarsh Lieutenant-Governor of Tasmania - Captain Sir John Franklin Governor of Western Australia as a Crown Colony - Captain James Stirling
Events 2 January - The Supreme Court of South Australia is established by Letters Patent, five days after the founding of the colony. 6 March - The Theatre Royal in Hobart opened. It remains Australia's oldest working theatre. 28 March - The Hoddle Grid of streets for the central business district is surveyed by Robert Hoddle. 1 June - First inner-city land sale in Melbourne. 10 June - The first whale is caught in Western Australia.
Births 13 February – James Venture Mulligan, prospector and explorer (born in Ireland) (d. 1907) 26 February – William Hann, pastoralist and explorer (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1889) 7 March – Gracius Broinowski, artist and ornithologist (born in the Russian Empire) (d. 1913) 16 March – Frederick Wolseley, inventor and woolgrower (born in Ireland) (d. 1899) 1 May – Ernest Henry, explorer and pioneer grazier (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1919) 9 May – Ben Hall, bushranger (d. 1865) 9 August – John Atherton, explorer (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1913) 26 November – Thomas Playford II, 17th Premier of South Australia (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1915)
Deaths 10 February – Frederick Goulburn, New South Wales politician and soldier (born and died in the United Kingdom) (b. 1788) 15 March – William Cox, soldier, explorer and pioneer (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1764) 5 September – James Ruse, farmer and convict (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1759) Unknown, possibly September – Francis Greenway, architect and convict (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1777) Unknown – Joseph Gellibrand, explorer and lawyer (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1792)