This is a list of vascular plants that are indigenous to, or naturalised on, Norfolk Island. The list is based on the most recent authoritative treatment of Norfolk Island, the 1994 Flora of Australia 49. That source is dated in places; for example its classification of the flowering plants uses the Cronquist system, aspects of which are no longer accepted. This list therefore differs from the Flora of Australia treatment in several areas; these are footnoted.
List of flora of Norfolk Island Norfolk Island has 523 taxa of vascular plants, 136 of which are indigenous, and 387 naturalised. Forty-four of the indigenous taxa are endemic. There are two endemic genera, Ungeria and Streblorrhiza.
Eudicotyledons The eudicotsFlora of Australia uses Cronquist's Dicotyledonae, but this is no longer considered a "good" group; here we use the eudicot group. are represented on Norfolk Island by 75 families, 220 genera, and 287 species.
Acanthaceae Hypoestes phyllostachya Ruellia ciliosa (Naturalised)These taxa did not appear in Flora of Australia, but were reported as new records for Norfolk Island in de Lange et al. (2005).
Aizoaceae Carpobrotus glaucescens Tetragonia implexicoma Tetragonia tetragonioides
AmaranthaceaeFlora of Australia listed a number of species under family Chenopodiaceae; these are here listed under Amaranthaceae in accordance with the APG II system. Achyranthes arborescens (Endemic) Achyranthes aspera Achyranthes margaretarum (Endemic)Achyranthes margaretarum is a new species that was split off from A. arborescens in 2001. Alternanthera sessilis (Possibly indigenous) Amaranthus blitum (Naturalised) Amaranthus hybridus (Naturalised) Amaranthus viridis (Naturalised) Atriplex cinereaThe record of Atriplex cinerea on Norfolk Island was excluded in Flora of Australia, but has since been admitted. Atriplex semibaccata (Naturalised) Chenopodium album (Naturalised) Chenopodium ambrosioides (Naturalised) Chenopodium murale (Naturalised) Sarcocornia quinqueflora
Anacardiaceae Schinus terebinthifolius (Naturalised)
Apiaceae Apium graveolens (Naturalised) Centella asiatica (Naturalised) Ciclospermum leptophyllum (Naturalised) Coriandrum sativum (Naturalised) Daucus glochidiatus (Naturalised) Foeniculum vulgare (Naturalised) Petroselinum crispum (Naturalised) Torilis nodosa (Naturalised)
Apocynaceae Alyxia gynopogon (Endemic) Melodinus baueri (Endemic) Vinca major (Naturalised)
Araliaceae Delarbrea paradoxa (Naturalised) Meryta angustifolia (Endemic) Meryta latifolia (Endemic) Heptapleurum actinophyllum (Naturalised) Tetrapanax papyrifer (Naturalised)
Asclepiadaceae Gomphocarpus physocarpus (Naturalised) Tylophora biglandulosa
Asteraceae Ageratina riparia (Naturalised) Ageratum conyzoides (Naturalised) Arctotheca calendula (Naturalised) Argyranthemum frutescens (Naturalised) Aster subulatus (Naturalised) Bidens pilosa (Naturalised) Calendula officinalis (Naturalised) Carduus pycnocephalus (Naturalised) Carduus tenuiflorus (Naturalised) Centaurea melitensis (Naturalised) Conyza bonariensis (Naturalised) Conyza sumatrensis (Naturalised) Cotula australis (Naturalised) Crassocephalum crepidioides (Naturalised) Erechtites valerianifolia (Naturalised) Erigeron karvinskianus (Naturalised) Euchiton involucratus (Naturalised)At least one putative collection of Euchiton involucratus from Norfolk Island has now been identified as Euchiton sphaericus. Whether E. involucratus also occurs on Norfolk Island is now uncertain. Euchiton sphaericus Euryops chrysanthemoides (Naturalised) Erechtites hieraciifolia (Naturalised)A localised population of Erechtites hieraciifolia was naturalised on Norfolk Island in 1987, but the species has not been seen there since 1989. Facelis retusa (Naturalised) Galinsoga parviflora (Naturalised) Gamochaeta calviceps (Naturalised) Gamochaeta coarctata (Naturalised) Gamochaeta purpurea (Naturalised) Hypochaeris glabra (Naturalised) Hypochaeris radicata (Naturalised) Montanoa hibiscifolia (Naturalised) Picris burbidgeae (Naturalised)Picris burbidgeae was listed in Flora of Australia as P. hieracoides. Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Senecio australisFlora of Australia listed Senecio australis as endemic to Norfolk Island, but indigenous populations have since been found in New Zealand. Senecio evansianus (Endemic) Senecio hooglandia (Endemic) Sigesbeckia orientalis (Naturalised) Silybum marianum (Naturalised) Soliva pterosperma (Naturalised) Sonchus oleraceus (Naturalised) Tagetes minuta (Naturalised) Taraxacum officinale (Naturalised) Tragopogon porrifolius (Naturalised) Wollastonia biflora
Basellaceae Anredera cordifolia (Naturalised)
Bignoniaceae Tecomaria capensis (Naturalised)
Boraginaceae Cynoglossum australe (Naturalised) Echium plantagineum (Naturalised)
Brassicaceae Brassica juncea (Naturalised) Brassica napus (Naturalised) Capsella bursa-pastoris (Naturalised) Cardamine hirsuta (Naturalised) Coronopus didymus (Naturalised) Lepidium bonariense (Naturalised) Lobularia maritima (Naturalised) Matthiola incana (Naturalised) Rapistrum rugosum (Naturalised) Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (Naturalised) Sisymbrium officinale (Naturalised) Sisymbrium orientale (Naturalised)
Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpinia bonduc Caesalpinia decapetala (Naturalised) Caesalpinia major (Naturalised) Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Naturalised) Senna septemtrionalis (Naturalised)
Campanulaceae Lobelia anceps Pratia purpurascens (Naturalised) Wahlenbergia gracilis Wahlenbergia littoricola subsp. vernicosa Wahlenbergia violaceae (Status uncertain, most likely naturalised)
CannabaceaeCeltis paniculata was treated under Ulmaceae in Flora of Australia; it is here treated as Cannabaceae in accordance with the APG II system. Celtis paniculata
Capparaceae Capparis nobilis (Endemic)
Caprifoliaceae Lonicera japonica (Naturalised)
Caryophyllaceae Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgare (Naturalised) Cerastium glomeratum (Naturalised) Paronychia brasiliana (Naturalised) Petrorhagia velutina (Naturalised) Polycarpon tetraphyllum (Naturalised) Sagina apetala (Naturalised) Silene gallica (Naturalised) Stellaria media (Naturalised)
Casuarinaceae Casuarina glauca
Celastraceae Elaeodendron curtipendulum
Convolvulaceae Calystegia affinis (Endemic) Calystegia soldanella Dichondria micrantha (Naturalised) Dichondra repens Ipomoea alba (Naturalised) Ipomoea cairica (Naturalised)Ipomoea cairica is listed in Flora of Australia as naturalised, but de Lange et al. (2005) suggest that it may be indigenous. Ipomoea indica (Naturalised) Ipomoea pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis
Corynocarpaceae Corynocarpus laevigatus (Naturalised)
Crassulaceae Bryophyllum delagoaense (Naturalised) Bryophyllum pinnatum (Naturalised) Crassula multicava subsp. multicava (Naturalised)
Cucurbitaceae Cucumis anguria (Naturalised) Diplocyclos palmatus subsp. affinis Sicyos australis Zehneria baueriana
Euphorbiaceae Acalypha wilkesiana (Naturalised) Baloghia inophylla Breynia disticha (Naturalised) Euphorbia cyathophora (Naturalised) Euphorbia norfolkiana (Endemic) Euphorbia obliqua Euphorbia peplus (Naturalised) Euphorbia prostrata (Naturalised) Excoecaria agallocha Homalanthus populifolius (Naturalised)Flora of Australia treated Homalanthus populifolius as indigenous, but in 1904 Joseph Maiden stated that it had been introduced in a consignment of plants from Lord Howe Island. Phyllanthus tenellus (Naturalised) Ricinus communis (Naturalised)
Fabaceae Canacalia rosea Castanospermum australe (Naturalised) Chamaecytisus palmensis (Naturalised) Crotalaria agatiflora (Naturalised) Desmodium incanum (Naturalised) Desmodium tortuosum (Naturalised) Dipogon lignosus (Naturalised) Erythrina afra (Naturalised) Erythrina speciosa (Naturalised) Glycone microphylla (Naturalised) Indigofera suffruticosa (Naturalised) Lablab purpureus (Naturalised) Lotus angustissimus (Naturalised) Lupinus cosentinii (Naturalised) Medicago lupulina (Naturalised) Medicago polymorpha (Naturalised) Melilotus indicus (Naturalised) Millettia australis Neotonia wightii (Naturalised) Pueraria lobata (Naturalised) Streblorrhiza speciosa (Endemic)Streblorrhiza and Ungeria are endemic genera. Teline monspessulana (Naturalised) Trifolium campestre (Naturalised) Trifolium dubium (Naturalised) Trifolium glomeratum (Naturalised) Trifolium suffocatum (Naturalised) Vicia hirsuta (Naturalised) Vicia sativa subsp. nigra (Naturalised) Vicia tetrasperma (Naturalised) Vigna marina
Frankeniaceae Frankenia pulverulenta (Naturalised)
Fumariaceae Fumaria muralis (Naturalised)
Gentianaceae Centaurium tenuiflorum (Naturalised)
Geraniaceae Erodium moschatum (Naturalised) Geranium dissectum (Naturalised) Geranium gardneri (Naturalised)Flora of Australia lists Geranium gardneri as naturalised in Norfolk Island, but the variant of G. gardneri that occurs on Norfolk Island has since been published as G. gardneri in de Lange et al. (2005) Pelargonium australe (Naturalised) Pelargonium panduriforme (Naturalised)
Lamiaceae Lavandula dentata (Naturalised) Marrubium vulgare (Naturalised) Mentha × piperita (Naturalised) Mentha spicata (Naturalised) Salvia coccinea (Naturalised) Salvia verbenaca (Naturalised) Stachys arvensis (Naturalised)
Lauraceae Cinnamomum camphora (Naturalised) Cryptocarya triplinervis (Naturalised)Cryptocarya triplinervis was excluded from Flora of Australia as a probable erroneous collection, but has since been collected a number of times, and was admitted by de Lange et al. (2005). Persea americana (Naturalised)
Linaceae Linum marginale (Naturalised) Linum trigynum (Naturalised)
Loranthaceae Ileostylus micranthus
Lythraceae Lythrum hyssopifolia (Naturalised)
Malvaceae Abutilon grandifolium (Naturalised) Abutilon julianae (Endemic) Hibiscus diversifolius Hibiscus insularis (Endemic) Hibiscus pedunculatus (Naturalised) Hibiscus tiliaceus Lagunaria patersonia subsp. patersonia Malva parviflora (Naturalised) Malvastrum coromandelianum (Naturalised) Modiola caroliniana (Naturalised) Pavonia hastata (Naturalised) Sida carpinifolia (Naturalised) Sida rhombifolia (Naturalised) Ungeria floribunda (Endemic)
Meliaceae Dysoxylum bijugum Melia azedarach (Naturalised)
Mimosaceae Acacia dealbata (Naturalised) Acacia parramattensis (Naturalised) Paraserianthes lophantha (Naturalised)
Moraceae Ficus carica (Naturalised) Streblus pendulinus
Myoporaceae Myoporum obscurum (Endemic)
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus botryoides (Naturalised) Eucalyptus fibrosa (Naturalised) Eugenia uniflora (Naturalised) Metrosideros excelsa (Naturalised) Metrosideros kermadecensis (Naturalised) Metrosideros excelsa x kermadecensis (Hybrid of indigenous and naturalised species) Psidium cattleianum var. cattleianum (Naturalised) Psidium cattleianum var. littorale (Naturalised) Psidium guajava (Naturalised)
Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis jalapa (Naturalised) Pisonia brunoniana
Ochnaceae Ochna serrulata (Naturalised)
Oleaceae Jasminum simplicifolium subsp. australiense Ligustrum lucidum (Naturalised) Ligustrum sinense (Naturalised) Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (Naturalised)
Onagraceae Oenothera affinis (Naturalised) Oenothera rosea (Naturalised) Oenothera stricta (Naturalised) Oenothera tetraptera (Naturalised)
Orobanchaceae Orobanche minor (Naturalised)
Oxalidaceae Oxalis chnoodes (Naturalised)Flora of Australia treated all of the Oxalis species on Norfolk Island as Oxalis corniculata. This complex is now usually treated as five distinct species, of which four occur on Norfolk Island. Oxalis corniculata (Naturalised) Oxalis debilis (Naturalised) Oxalis exilis Oxalis radicosa (Naturalised)
Papaveraceae Argemone subfusiformis (Naturalised) Papaver somniferum (Naturalised)
Passifloraceae Passiflora aurantia Passiflora edulis (Naturalised)